Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
-
Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
-
Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
-
Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
-
Critical 9.3
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
-
High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
-
High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
-
High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
-
High 8.6
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Comman…
-
Critical 9.3
Authorized remote code execution via password change functionality in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU routers
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the portal.cgi component's password change functionality. The application improperly neutralizes special elements in the http_passwd_hidden and http_passwdConfirm_hidden paramete…
-
Critical 9.4
Unauthorized remote code execution in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU routers
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router is vulnerable to OS command injection vulnerability. The vulnerability exists within the /cgi-bin/portal.cgi endpoint, specifically through the cli_cookie POST parameter. The cli_cookie parameter value is directly concatenated i…
-
Critical 9.3
Command Injection in T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router via ping functionality
WNC T-Mobile 5G Box IDU router is vulnerable to a command injection. The vulnerability exists in the ping functionality within the /cgi-bin/portal.cgi endpoint, specifically affecting the ping_ip, ping_size, and ping_times POST parameters. The root cause is t…
-
Critical 9.8
Remote code execution via uploading a malicious IODD file
An unauthenticated remote attacker can upload a malicious IODD file that places and executes a shell script with root privileges. The shell script remains active even after a reboot.
-
High 7.2
Command Injection via PUT in /api/datastorage/data
A high-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/datastorage/data endpoint by sending a PUT request with admin credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 7.2
Command Injection via GET in /api/datastorage/data
A high-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/datastorage/data endpoint by sending a crafted GET request with admin credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 7.2
Command Injection via PUT in /api/iodd/config
A high-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/iodd/config endpoint by sending a crafted PUT request with admin credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 7.2
Command Injection via GET in /api/iodd/config
A high-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/iodd/config endpoint by sending a crafted GET request with admin credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 7.2
Command Injection via DELETE in /api/status/data
A high-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/status/data endpoint by sending a crafted DELETE request with admin credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection via GET in /api/status/data
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /api/status/data endpoint by sending a crafted GET request with user credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/attached_devices_tab/ajax_remove_uploaded_iodd_files
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/attached_devices_tab/ajax_remove_uploaded_iodd_files endpoint using operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/ajax/save_iodd_parameters
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/ajax/save_iodd_parameters endpoint using operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/ajax/parameterManage
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/ajax/parameterManage endpoint using user credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in Field_Shadow_Password Class
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the Field_Shadow_Password class using operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/attached_devices_tab/do_upload
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/attached_devices_tab/do_upload endpoint using operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/ajax/get_iodd_port_info
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/ajax/get_iodd_port_info endpoint using user or operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
High 8.8
Command Injection in /index.php/ajax/get_iodd_menu_info
A low-privileged remote attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability in the /index.php/ajax/get_iodd_menu_info endpoint using valid user or operator credentials allowing execution of commands with root privileges on the device.
-
Critical 9.1
Security Advisory 0162 - gNSI Certz/Bootz OS Command Injection via Crafted Rotate Request
A privileged attacker can exploit certain operation to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges, leading to full device compromise. An authenticated user can exploit gRPC Network Security Interface (gNSI) Certz service on Arista EOS-based products to e…
-
High 8.0
Security Advisory 0181
Insufficient validation of inputs supplied through affected VeloCloud Edge management and configuration workflows may allow an authorized management request or configuration value to be interpreted as an operating-system command. Successful exploitation may a…
-
High 7.8
Rsbuild < 2.0.9 Command Injection via openBrowser() URL Handling
Rsbuild before 2.0.9 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by supplying a crafted URL containing shell metacharacters to the server.open configuration on macOS. The openBrowser() function in packages…
-
High 7.2
Authenticated Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways
A vulnerability exists in a component of the HPE Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN Gateways that may allow for arbitrary command execution. An authenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by providing a specially crafted input to the affected co…
-
High 7.1
githubtoplanguages: Command Injection via Issue Title in Discord Notification Workflow
githubtoplanguages generates a user's top GitHub languages as an SVG. The .github/workflows/discord-issue.yml workflow runs when an issue is opened or closed and interpolates github.event.issue.title directly into the Bash assignment for ISSUE_TITLE before sh…
-
High 7.4
TOTOLINK X5000R Export Ovpn cstecgi.cgi exportOvpn os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in TOTOLINK X5000R 9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224. The impacted element is the function exportOvpn of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=exportOvpn&type=user of the component Export Ovpn Handler. The manipulation of the argument filet…
-
Medium 6.8
Flowise before 3.1.4 Script Injection via Docker Workflows
Flowise versions before 3.1.4 contain a script injection vulnerability in Docker image build workflows where workflow_dispatch inputs are directly interpolated into shell run blocks. Attackers with repository write access can inject shell metacharacters throu…
-
High 8.5
Flowise before 3.1.4 Remote Code Execution via Custom MCP npx
Flowise before 3.1.4 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the Custom MCP node that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying npx package names in the mcpServerConfig parameter. Attackers can invoke npx with attacker-co…
-
High 7.3
Environment-modules: command injection in environment-modules bash completion via malicious module names containing shell metacharacters
A flaw was found in environment-modules. A local attacker can exploit this vulnerability by placing a maliciously named modulefile in a location visible to the victim's `MODULEPATH`. When the victim uses Bash completion for `module` or `ml` commands, the mali…
-
Critical 9.1
Conflibot: Command injection via crafted pull request branch names under pull_request_target
Conflibot warns in advance when merging a pull request will cause conflicts in other open pull requests. Prior to 1.2.1, src/index.ts builds git checkout, git merge, and git format-patch commands by interpolating the attacker-controlled pull request head.ref …
-
High 8.6
CodeRAG: Gradle Wrapper Execution During Dependency Discovery Enables Arbitrary Code Execution
CodeRAG is a lightweight semantic code search and distillation utility for AI coding agents. Prior to 1.3.1, the default agent-coderag sync flow in code_rag/entry/cli.py calls sync_dependencies for an indexed path, and code_rag/core/manager.py treats build.gr…
-
Critical 9.3
Arbitrary command execution in TrxTimeATTENDANCE
An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists in the ping.php endpoint, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system and achieve remote code execution.
-
High 8.8
PraisonAI utility shell safe-command wrapper allowlist bypass via shell chaining
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.5.1 until 1.7.2, the shell() helper exported from src/praisonai-ts/src/tools/utility-tools.ts checks only the first whitespace-delimited token against safeCommands and then passes the complete original string to…
-
High 8.8
PraisonAI SandboxExecutor allowedCommands bypass via shell chaining
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From 1.2.3 until 1.7.2, CommandValidator in src/praisonai-ts/src/cli/features/sandbox-executor.ts validates only the first whitespace-delimited executable against allowedCommands, then SandboxExecutor passes the comple…
-
High 7.0
OS Command Injection via Unit Test Execution in WSO2 Integrator MI VS Code Extension Allows Arbitrary Command Execution
The WSO2 Integrator MI VS Code extension fails to properly sanitize or validate user-supplied input when processing Micro Integrator projects opened from untrusted sources. This allows a crafted project to inject and execute arbitrary operating system command…
-
High 8.8
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS Command Injection') issue exists in FF-RFI079I4 …
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2026-90847 Public exploit
EFM ipTIME C200E System Setup iux_set.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in EFM ipTIME C200E 1.094. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file iux_set.cgi of the component System Setup. This manipulation causes os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exp…
-
High 8.3
SabyasachiRana WebMap New Nmap Scan functions_nmap.py nmap_newscan os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in SabyasachiRana WebMap up to 8b95fe4dc301a3c09ddf145b895de0bf9f8d2a25. This affects the function nmap_newscan of the file functions_nmap.py of the component New Nmap Scan Handler. Such manipulation of the argument …