Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Medium 4.7
ZhongBangKeJi CRMEB Custom Scheduled Task Feature save eval os command injection
A weakness has been identified in ZhongBangKeJi CRMEB up to 6.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function eval of the file /adminapi/system/crontab/save of the component Custom Scheduled Task Feature. This manipulation of the argument customCode cause…
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High 8.0
Nuclio: Unsanitized cron trigger event headers/body injected into CronJob shell command leads to persistent RCE
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.16.4, the Nuclio controller builds a curl invocation string for each cron trigger and stores it as the args of a Kubernetes CronJob container (/bin/sh, -c, <comman…
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High 8.7
Nuclio: Unauthenticated OS command injection via namespace header in list-all resource path on local platform
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.17.4, the fix for unauthenticated OS command injection in the nuclio dashboard on the local/Docker platform is incomplete. The fix added validateFunctionName for f…
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High 8.0
Nuclio: Unauthenticated OS command injection via function namespace in docker ps --filter label (local Docker platform)
Nuclio is a "Serverless" framework for Real-Time Events and Data Processing. Prior to version 1.17.4, on the Nuclio local Docker platform, the function namespace is interpolated—unvalidated—into a double-quoted docker ps --filter "label=nuclio.io/namespace=<v…
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Critical 9.8
Looking Glass: Remote Code Execution via Unanchored Regular Expression in BGPASPath Input Validation
Looking Glass is a modern, stateless network-diagnostic platform — a single self-contained Go binary that fronts a fleet of routers over SSH and exposes ping / traceroute / BGP lookups through a gRPC (ConnectRPC) API, an embedded SvelteKit web UI, and a lg-cl…
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High 7.4
OS command injection vulnerability in Jenkins TICS Plugin 2025.1.1 and earlier allows attackers able to control build e…
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High 7.8
Rpm: command injection in rpmuncompress via unescaped filenames passed to popen()
A flaw was found in rpmuncompress. This command injection vulnerability allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary commands. This occurs when rpmuncompress processes a specially crafted archive filename containing shell metacharacters, which are not properl…
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High 7.8
Rpm: command injection in `rpmbuild -t*` (`gettarspec`) via unescaped tarball path
A flaw was found in rpm. An attacker can exploit a command injection vulnerability by influencing the path or filename of a tarball processed by `rpmbuild -t*` to include shell metacharacters. This is particularly relevant in automated build or continuous int…
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High 8.8
Coolify before 4.2.0 Remote Code Execution via Environment Variable Key
Coolify before 4.2.0 fails to properly escape environment variable key names in Docker commands executed over SSH on managed servers. Authenticated attackers can inject shell metacharacters into environment variable keys to execute arbitrary commands on the s…
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High 7.6
Westermo WeOS 5.x starting from 5.24 allows OS command injection via a media definition.
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High 7.8
Post-authentication Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerab…
KEV Sep 2, 2026 -
High 7.2
Authenticated Remote Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-CX Command Line Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the command line interface of AOS-CX. Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities results in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
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High 8.8
Authenticated Remote Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-CX Command Line Interface
Exploitation through affected command-line operations could allow an authenticated low-privileged user to execute arbitrary commands as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
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High 7.7CVE-2026-84361 Public exploit
Composer: Perforce source URL permits P4PORT `rsh:` command execution
Composer is a dependency Manager for the PHP language. From 1.0 until 2.2.30 and 2.10.3, a malicious dependency package from a custom Composer repository or an untrusted composer.lock file could set source.type to perforce and source.url to an rsh: or jsh: P4…
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High 7.5
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in HPE Networking Fabric Composer
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the underlying operating system of HPE Networking Fabric Composer that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the atta…
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High 8.8
Dell PowerStore contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability. An authenticated user with limited privileges could pot…
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High 7.0
Rpm: command execution via macro expansion in `rpmuncompress -x` for crafted `.gem` filenames
A flaw was found in rpm. A local attacker could supply a specially crafted `.gem` filename containing RPM macro syntax. When a user or automated workflow invokes `rpmuncompress -x` on this file, the macro expansion occurs during command construction. This all…
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High 8.8
Dell PowerStore contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability. An authenticated user with limited privileges could pot…
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High 7.3
CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability exists…
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High 8.6
LibreNMS 23.10.0 before 26.4.0 OS Command Injection via Hostname
LibreNMS versions >= 23.10.0 and < 26.2.0 (fixed in 26.4.0) contain an authenticated OS command injection vulnerability in libvirt discovery. When libvirt support is enabled (enable_libvirt=true), the device hostname ($this->getDevice()->hostname) is concaten…
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High 7.2
LibreNMS before 26.5.0 Remote Code Execution via AboutController
LibreNMS versions before 26.5.0 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the AboutController where the snmpget configuration parameter is passed to shell_exec() without proper validation. An authenticated administrator can modify the snmpget configura…
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High 7.5
yast2-samba-client: OS command injection via attacker-controlled Organizational Unit (Active Directory-supplied)
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in yast2-samba-client allows an attacker who controls the content of an Active Directory directory tree - a rogue domain controller, or a directory user delegated the right to create objects - …
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High 8.8
yast2-auth-client: OS command injection via unsanitized Organizational Unit / dnsHostName in AD join
A OS command injection vulnerability in yast2-auth-client allows an attacker who controls Active Directory configuration values to execute arbitrary commands as root on the configured host. Auth::AuthConf in src/lib/auth/authconf.rb assembles the Samba net ad…
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High 8.0
yast2-users: OS command injection via LDAP-supplied shadowLastChange/shadowExpire attribute
An OS command injection vulnerability was found in yast2-users. When displaying the "Password Settings" tab of a user, get_password_term() in src/include/users/dialogs.rb read the shadowLastChange and shadowExpire fields with GetString(), which performs no nu…
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Critical 9.0
A critical local privilege escalation via OS command injection vulnerability has been discovered in Plesk for Linux, af…
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Medium 6.6
Edimax BR-6214K asp_setPing Endpoint ping.asp system os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Edimax BR-6214K 1.40. This vulnerability affects the function system of the file www/ping.asp of the component asp_setPing Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument pingstr results in os command injection. The …
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Critical 9.3
Command Injection vulnerability in eObčanka-Identifikace
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in Digitální a informační agentura (DIA) eObčanka-Identifikace on MacOS enables an attacker to register a custom URL scheme (czeeopauth://) for parameteri…
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Medium 6.6
Edimax BR-6214K asp_WlanMP Endpoint wlanMP.asp system os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Edimax BR-6214K 1.40. This affects the function system of the file www/wlanMP.asp of the component asp_WlanMP Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument ateFunc leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the att…
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High 7.8
OS Command Injection in TÜBİTAK BİLGEM's Pardus Boot Repair
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus Boot Repair allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Pardus Boot Repair: from 1.0…
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Critical 9.9
D-Link DNS-340L/DNS-345 iscsi_mgr.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. This affects an unknown part of the file /cgi-bin/iscsi_mgr.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument alias/username/password/volume_location results in os command injection. It is …
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-327L/DNS-340L/DNS-345 CGI usb_device.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-327L, DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/usb_device.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Such manipulation of the argument f_ups_ip…
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-327L/DNS-340L ve_mgr.cgi os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DNS-327L and DNS-340L up to 20260717. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /cgi-bin/ve_mgr.cgi. This manipulation of the argument f_dev causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be…
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Critical 9.9
D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-327L/DNS-340L/DNS-345 ISO Image isomount_mgr.cgi os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-327L, DNS-340L and DNS-345 up to 20260717. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/isomount_mgr.cgi of the component ISO Image Handler. The manipulation of the argument upIsoRootPath results in…
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DNS-340L/DNS-345 Virtual Volume virtual_vol.cgi os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in D-Link DNS-340L and DNS-345 1.01B04/1.03B06/1.04.B02/1.05b04. This impacts an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/virtual_vol.cgi of the component Virtual Volume Handler. The manipulation of the argument f_share…
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Medium 4.7
diem-project diem Administrative Console actions.class.php executeCommand os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in diem-project diem up to 5.1.3. The affected element is the function executeCommand of the file dmAdminPlugin/modules/dmConsole/actions/actions.class.php of the component Administrative Console. Such manipulation of the argume…
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High 7.3
klaussilveira GitList Git Command Line CommandLine.php getDefaultBranch os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in klaussilveira GitList 2.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function getDefaultBranch of the file src/SCM/System/Git/CommandLine.php of the component Git Command Line. Such manipulation leads to os command …
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Critical 9.8
An OS command injection vulnerability in MetaGPT 0.8.1 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands via the path ar…
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High 7.9
Qubes OS before qubes-core-dom0-linux 4.3.22 allows OS command injection during a qvm-copy-to-vm call from dom0 to an a…
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High 7.1
PowSyBl: Command Injection in LocalCommandExecutor-s
PowSyBl (Power System Blocks) is a framework to build power system oriented software. Prior to 7.2.2, UnixLocalCommandExecutor and WindowsLocalCommandExecutor concatenate command arguments and environment variables into strings interpreted through bash -c or …
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Critical 9.3
JS Recon: Command injection in PR Branch Checker workflow via untrusted pull request context values
JS Recon is a JavaScript enumeration and SAST tool. From 1.2.1-beta.1 until 1.3.1-beta.2, the PR Branch Checker workflow in .github/workflows/pr_checker.yml places github.head_ref and github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name into BRANCH_NAME and SOURCE_R…