Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 8.6
Blueprint Studio Git credential helper command injection
Blueprint Studio is a VS Code-like file editor for Home Assistant configuration files. Prior to 2.5.2, Blueprint Studio generated a shell-based Git credential helper in custom_components/blueprint_studio/backend/git_manager.py by interpolating the configured …
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High 7.8
Super Productivity: Arbitrary OS Command Execution via IPC EXEC Handler with Persistent Whitelist
Super Productivity is an advanced todo list app with integrated timeboxing and time tracking capabilities. Prior to 18.13.0, the EXEC IPC handler in electron/ipc-handlers/exec.ts accepts a command string from the renderer through the IPC.EXEC channel and exec…
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Low 2.0
Pyenv: Glob/wildcard metacharacters bypass is_version_safe(), causing silent version/interpreter substitution via unquoted expansion (CVE-2022-35861 residual)
Pyenv provides simple Python version management. Prior to 2.8.0, is_version_safe() in libexec/pyenv-version-file-read accepts shell glob metacharacters in .python-version values, and unquoted PYENV_VERSION expansion in libexec/pyenv-version-name, libexec/pyen…
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Critical 9.1
COMFAST CF-N1-S CGI mbox-config sub_44B438 os command injection
A flaw has been found in COMFAST CF-N1-S 2.6.0.1. This impacts the function sub_44B438 of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config?method=SET§ion=ptest_ssid of the component CGI Interface. This manipulation of the argument ssid causes os command injection. Remote ex…
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Medium 5.4
Notepad++: shortcuts.xml Macro HMAC Bypass Enables Conditional Elevated Command Execution
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.7, macros loaded from an attacker-controlled shortcuts.xml bypass the HMAC validation applied to UserDefinedCommands and can invoke Scintilla actions and the internal Open in Default Viewer …
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Critical 9.1
Acm-search-v2-rhel9: search-v2-operator: shell-command and sql injection in postgresql-start.sh via cr-supplied work_mem
A flaw was found in acm-search-v2-rhel9. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker, such as a hub administrator or a Search Custom Resource (CR) editor, to inject malicious shell commands or SQL statements. This occurs because the WORK_MEM string pr…
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High 7.8
uniget CLI: Metadata signature verification only runs when UNIGET_IGNORE_METADATA_SIGNATURE is set
## Summary The sigstore check on `metadata.json` is gated on the wrong side of the condition. `LoadMetadata` in `internal/config/update.go:81` verifies the bundle only when `UNIGET_IGNORE_METADATA_SIGNATURE` is non-empty, so in a normal run, where nobody sets…
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High 7.1
Glances: `--disable-config-exec` does not cover on-alert action commands (incomplete fix of CVE-2026-53925)
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.6, GlancesActions.run() in glances/actions.py ignores --disable-config-exec for on-alert action commands and invokes secure_popen() with shell operators enabled, allowing configured…
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High 8.8
Glances: Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-32608: action-template sanitizer is bypassed by nested stat values (process 'cmdline') → OS command injection
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. From 4.5.2 until 4.5.6, _sanitize_mustache_dict() in glances/actions.py skips nested list and dictionary strings such as process cmdline values, allowing pipe characters to survive chevron.rende…
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High 8.8
Glances: Command injection bypass of action-template sanitizer via cross-field shell-operator reconstruction
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. Prior to 4.5.6, _sanitize_mustache_dict() in glances/actions.py sanitizes individual Mustache values before chevron.render(), allowing adjacent unescaped Mustache variables to reconstruct shell …
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High 7.8
In JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA before 2026.2.1 rCE via Markdown export tool was possible
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High 7.7
User-controlled variables inserted unescaped into shell scripts and Kubernetes manifests
In openshift-metal3/fakefish there is a repeated pattern in some of the scripts where shell variables are injected without quoting them either into command lines or into manifests. This mostly applies to the Image URL and BMC credentials (which are not verifi…
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High 7.3
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 7.8
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 7.8
Dell ObjectScale, versions prior to 4.3.0.1, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Co…
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High 8.8
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, the cmd_learn driver of the markasjunk plugin is subject to …
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High 8.2
SiYuan before 3.7.4 Local Privilege Escalation via elevator.exe
SiYuan before 3.7.4 fails to properly escape workspace directory paths when constructing command-line arguments for the elevated elevator.exe helper process. Attackers can create a malicious workspace directory with command metacharacters in its path and trig…
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High 8.3
GL.iNet XE3000 NAS Command Service gl_nas_sys os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, MT2500, MT3000, MT6000, X3000 and XE3000 4.8.x. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /usr/bin/gl_nas_sys of the component NAS Command Service. The manipulation results in os com…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet BE9300/MT6000 Firewall-management RPC os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in GL.iNet BE9300 and MT6000 4.8.x. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Firewall-management RPC. The manipulation of the argument dest_port/dest_ip leads to os command injection. The attack may b…
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High 7.4
GL.iNet XE3000 Wi-Fi Timer Power-Schedule Feature os command injection
A weakness has been identified in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. This affects an unknown part of the component Wi-Fi Timer Power-Sc…
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Medium 5.3
jiantao88 android-mcp-server Command Execution index.js child_process.exec os command injection
A flaw has been found in jiantao88 android-mcp-server up to cfb872b2446794193b58edd63f4dbf6af48a6292. The impacted element is the function child_process.exec of the file build/index.js of the component Command Execution. Executing a manipulation of the argume…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Tneda W20E v.16.01.0.6(2782) allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the url_need_login func…
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High 8.8
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 Authenticated Command Injection via FFmpeg Filename
Cockpit CMS 2.14.0 and prior contains a command injection vulnerability in the FFmpeg integration that allows authenticated users with only the assets/upload permission to execute arbitrary commands by uploading a video file with a shell metacharacter-laden f…
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Critical 9.9
IBM Db2 Mirror for i is affected by multiple vulnerabilities
IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary CL commands due to improper neutralization of special elements in a command.
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High 8.5
IBM Db2 Mirror for i is affected by multiple vulnerabilities
IBM Db2 Mirror for i 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to cause a denial of service due to command injection.
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Critical 10.0
Haiwell IoT Cloud HMI Gateway OS Command Injection
A critical OS command injection vulnerability has been identified in the Haiwell IoT Cloud HMI Gateway product. The vulnerability exists in the Net Check feature accessible via the /setting endpoint. The cmdPing Socket.io event fails to properly sanitize user…
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Critical 9.9
Command Injection
A command injection vulnerability exists in Security Center where a remote, unauthenticated attacker could exploit this issue to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with the privileges of the service account.
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-19681 Public exploit
Command Injection
An authenticated command injection vulnerability exists in Security Center related to file upload processing. An attacker could exploit this issue by uploading a specially crafted file, potentially resulting in arbitrary command execution on the underlying op…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-19679 Public exploit
Improper Input Validation
An input validation vulnerability exists in Security Center's file upload handling, where insufficient sanitization of uploaded filenames could contribute to a downstream command injection issue.
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High 8.8
Local Privilege Escalation
A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in Security Center. An attacker with write access to a specific configuration file could achieve arbitrary code execution with elevated privileges, without requiring further user or victim interaction.
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High 7.2
Remote Code Execution
A command injection vulnerability exists in Tenable Security Center. An authenticated administrator could modify application configuration values to achieve arbitrary command execution on the underlying operating system when specific backend operations are tr…
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High 7.2
Baicells EG3661M LuCI Web luci os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Baicells EG3661M BaiCE_BQ6_2.0.5.3_NA. This impacts an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/luci of the component LuCI Web Interface. Such manipulation of the argument MaxHops/Timeout/Size leads to os command injection. The …
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High 8.8
OpenChoreo: Authenticated OS command injection via OpenChoreo Workflow Plane templates enables code execution in privileged pods
OpenChoreo is a complete, open-source developer platform for Kubernetes. Prior to 1.0.4, 1.1.4, and 1.2.0-rc.2, OpenChoreo Workflow Plane templates under samples/getting-started/workflow-templates/ interpolated developer-controlled workflow parameters into sh…
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High 7.6
Authenticated FreePBX Music RCE via mpg123 and Asterisk Call Files
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. From 17.0.1 until 17.0.7, the FreePBX Music on Hold module permits dangerous command-line options for /usr/bin/mpg123 and other allowed players in validateCustomConfiguration() in Music.class.php. An authenticated administrat…
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High 7.5
FreePBX: Authenticated TTS AGI Command Injection Through TTS Name
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to 16.0.6 and 17.0.5.4, the FreePBX Text-To-Speech module allows an authenticated administrator to save a TTS destination name that is HTML-encoded for storage, decoded during dialplan generation, passed as an AGI argum…
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High 8.9
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) before 10.1.20 when the optional zimbra-snmp…
KEV Aug 21, 2026 -
High 8.1
rsync < 3.5.0 Command Injection via Multiple Code Paths
rsync before 3.5.0 contains multiple command and argument injection vulnerabilities that allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying malicious input through several code paths, including the RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG environment variable, daemon hooks…
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High 8.8
GitPython before 3.1.54 Remote Code Execution via kwarg value smuggling
GitPython versions before 3.1.54 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the check_unsafe_options guard that can be bypassed by smuggling git options inside single-character kwarg values. Attackers can supply crafted option dictionaries to clone_from…
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High 7.5
GitPython before 3.1.54 Remote Code Execution via --template
GitPython before 3.1.54 contains an incomplete denylist in unsafe_git_clone_options that omits --template, allowing attackers to achieve arbitrary command execution during clone operations. Attackers can supply --template pointing to a directory containing ma…
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Critical 9.4
Flowise before 3.1.3 Sandbox Escape via Puppeteer
Flowise (packages flowise and flowise-components) in versions <= 3.1.2 contain a sandbox escape in the vm2/@flowiseai/nodevm JavaScript sandbox. An authenticated user with access to the /api/v1/node-custom-function endpoint can escape the sandbox by supplying…