Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
MSI Radix AXE6600 v781521 Command Injection via dmz Function
MSI Radix AXE6600 router firmware version v781521 contains a command injection vulnerability in the dmz function that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability through the dmz functi…
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Critical 9.8
MSI Radix AXE6600 v781521 Command Injection via accesscontrol Function
MSI Radix AXE6600 router firmware version v781521 contains a command injection vulnerability in the accesscontrol function that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability through the …
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Critical 9.8
MSI Radix AXE6600 v781521 Command Injection via urlfilter
MSI Radix AXE6600 router firmware version v781521 contains a command injection vulnerability in the urlfilter function that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. Attackers can exploit the urlfilter function to inject ma…
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Critical 9.8
MSI Radix AXE6600 v781521 Command Injection via wps.cgi
MSI Radix AXE6600 router firmware version v781521 contains a command injection vulnerability in the wps.cgi interface that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting malicious input through the pin2g, pin5g, or pin6g parameters. Attack…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via app.cgi
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and software version 1.1.2_C1_202602110044 contain a command injection vulnerability in the app.cgi interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the netDig.ping.dst field, resulting…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formWsc
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and software version 1.1.2_C1_202602110044 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formWsc interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the localPin, targetAPSsid, …
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formL2tpv3ConfigSetup
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formL2tpv3ConfigSetup interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the tun…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formNtp
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formNtp interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the ntpServerIp1 fiel…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formPinManageSetup
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formPinManageSetup interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the oldPIn…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formIMEISetup
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formIMEISetup interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the IMEI_value …
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formSmsManage
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formSmsManage interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the action_valu…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formUSSDSetup
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formUSSDSetup interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the ussdValue a…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formDebugDiagnosticRun
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formDebugDiagnosticRun interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the ho…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formTracerouteDiagnosticRun
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formTracerouteDiagnosticRun interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into t…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formPingDiagnosticRun
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formPingDiagnosticRun interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the hos…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeFibocom
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeFibocom interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DWR-M961 Command Injection via /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeQuectel
D-Link DWR-M961 devices with hardware version C1 and firmware version before 1.1.5_C1_202607071108 contain a command injection vulnerability in the /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeQuectel interface. A remote attacker can inject arbitrary malicious commands into the…
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Medium 5.4
Workspace settings can override executable and Gemfile paths used by the Ruby LSP VS Code extension
Ruby LSP is an implementation of the language server protocol for Ruby. Several workspace-level settings in the Ruby LSP VS Code extension prior to version 0.10.4 could override the path to the Ruby executable, the version manager executables, or the Bundler …
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Medium 6.3
HKUDS nanobot Shell Allowlist shell.py ExecTool._spawn os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1. Impacted is the function ExecTool._guard_command/ExecTool._spawn of the file nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py of the component Shell Allowlist Handler. Such manipulation leads to os command …
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High 7.3
NexTOR IP Changer Unsafely Uses sudo and shell=True
NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 execute privileged system commands using `sudo` and `shell=True` directly inside application logic. In environments whe…
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High 7.8
NexTOR_IP_CHANGER has PATH Injection Leading to Arbitrary Command Execution
NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 have a command execution vulnerability due to unsafe use of `shell=True` with commands that rely on executable resoluti…
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High 7.5
Dracut: dracut: root code execution via unescaped error message written to sourced emergency hook script in die()
A flaw was found in dracut. The die() error-handling function writes its message into a shell script under the initramfs emergency-hook directory without properly shell-quoting it. When the message contains data derived from the DHCP ROOT_PATH option, an atta…
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High 7.3
PHP_CodeSniffer gitblame report command injection via crafted filename
PHP_CodeSniffer tokenizes PHP files and detects violations of a defined set of coding standards. Prior to versions 3.13.6 and 4.0.2, PHP_CodeSniffer contains a command injection vulnerability in the code that generates the Gitblame, Hgblame, and Svnblame repo…
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Critical 9.8
WGDashboard Remote Code Execution vulnerability
A Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exist in WGDashboard version 4.2.3 and earlier. Multiple OS command injection allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root.
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High 7.2
sysPass FileBackupService Authenticated OS Command Injection via Backup Path
sysPass's FileBackupService::doBackupFiles() in lib/SP/Services/Backup/FileBackupService.php around line 388 builds a tar shell command by string-concatenating the backup directory path $this->path directly into the command line ('tar czf ' . $backupFileApp .…
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Critical 9.8
OpenChamber 1.11.7 Unauthenticated RCE via /api/fs/exec
OpenChamber 1.11.7 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by sending crafted POST requests to the /api/fs/exec endpoint, which passes commands verbatim to Node.js spawn(…
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Critical 9.8
Dell Virtual Storage Integrator for VMware vSphere Client, versions prior to 10.11.1.0, contain(s) an OS Command Inject…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato wanoptions sub_40F88C os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. This affects the function sub_40F88C of the file /tmp/ppp/wanoptions. The manipulation of the argument ppp_custom results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato qoslimit new_qoslimit_start os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. Affected by this issue is the function new_qoslimit_start of the file /etc/qoslimit. The manipulation of the argument new_qoslimit_enable leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated rem…
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High 7.2
Shibby Tomato qoslimittc_stop.sh new_qoslimit_stop os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000. Affected by this vulnerability is the function new_qoslimit_stop of the file /tmp/qoslimittc_stop.sh. Executing a manipulation of the argument wan_iface can lead to os command injection. The attack ca…
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High 8.0
rclone: PowerShell Smart-Quote Filename Injection Enables SFTP Server-Side Command Execution
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. Prior to v1.75.0, rclone interpolates remote SFTP paths into PowerShell hash commands in backend/sftp/sftp.go, and quoteOrEscapeShellPath escapes onl…
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Medium 5.0
Unescaped deployment environment variables in generated setup commands
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (OS Command Injection) vulnerability in livebook-dev livebook allows command injection into generated deployment setup commands. LivebookWeb.Hub.Teams.DeploymentGroupAgentComponent.docker_instr…
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Medium 6.9
Electron: DevTools embedder handler executes arbitrary files via shell open
Electron is a framework for writing cross-platform desktop applications using JavaScript, HTML and CSS. Prior to 39.8.9, 40.9.2, 41.2.1, and 42.0.0-beta.3, the DevTools reveal in file manager action could launch the target file rather than reveal it. An attac…
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High 7.2
Langflow is affected by OS Command Injection in Model Context Protocol features
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, 1.0.0 through 1.10.3, and 1.0.0 through 1.10.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to impr…
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High 8.8
Langflow is affected OS Command Injection in Model Context Protocol features
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper validation of the command field in MCP server configurations.
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Medium 4.7
IBM QRadar SIEM is vulnerable to remote code execution by privileged users
IBM QRadar 7.6.0.0 through 7.6.0.1, and 7.5.0 through 7.5.0 UP 15 Interim Fix 005 could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary commands with normal user privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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High 7.2
Fledge IoT Gateway Backup Restore OS Command Injection via Tar Member Filename
Fledge's backup-restore upload handler, upload_backup (python/fledge/services/core/api/backup_restore.py), takes the first extracted tar member's filename (tar_file_names[0]) and builds a shell command via string formatting. Because os.system invokes a shell …
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High 7.8
Command Injection in @oblique/cli
@oblique/cli 15.4.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the project creation functionality. The CLI constructs shell commands through string concatenation and executes them with execSync(). A user-controlled project-name argument is inserted int…
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High 8.8
backmeup (npm) - OS Command Injection via Backup Option Values
The backmeup npm package assembles shell command strings by directly concatenating its option values (name, source, destination, filter) - e.g. cmd = "mkdir -p " + path.join(info.destination, info.name) + "; " - and executes the resulting string through a she…
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High 8.8
HashBrown CMS - OS Command Injection via Git Deployer Branch Field
HashBrown CMS through 1.4.6 contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in the Git deployer component. GitDeployer.pullRepo in src/Server/Entity/Deployer/GitDeployer.js executes AppService.exec, interpolating the configured branch value directly i…