Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Medium 6.3
Cisco ThousandEyes BrowserBot Command Injection Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the BrowserBot component of Cisco ThousandEyes Enterprise Agent could have allowed an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on Agents on behalf of the BrowserBot synthetics orchestration process. Cisco has addressed t…
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Critical 10.0
CtrlPanel: Unauthenticated RCE using installer script
CtrlPanel is open-source billing software for hosting providers. In versions 1.1.1 and prior, the web-based installer (public/installer/index.php) is vulnerable to unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) because it performs the install.lock check only aft…
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High 8.7
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') in ScadaBR
In ScadaBR version 1.2.0, an OS Command Injection vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute commands as root on the SCADA system.
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Medium 5.4
A command injection vulnerability exists in Panabit PAP-XM320 up to and including V7.7. The web management interface in…
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High 8.8
A command injection vulnerability exists in the /cgi-bin/tools/ajax_cmd endpoint of Panabit PAP-XM320 up to and includi…
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Critical 9.8
An OS command injection vulnerability in the /stream-to-vlc Express route in hitarth-gg Zenshin before 2.7.0 allows rem…
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Critical 9.9
Dokploy has Command Injection in its Service Operations
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Versions 0.26.6 and below have OS command injection through the appName parameter. 3 chained issues cause this problem: inadequate input sanitization, lack of schema validation and direct shell in…
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Critical 9.8
WebdriverIO has Command Injection in the BrowserStack Service
WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permit…
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Medium 5.0
vercel ai PR Branch Name Interpolation prettier-on-automerge.yml run os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in vercel ai up to 3.0.97. Impacted is the function run of the file .github/workflows/prettier-on-automerge.yml of the component PR Branch Name Interpolation. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be ini…
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High 7.0
Tabby auto-confirms ZMODEM detection on terminal output, leading to shell command execution from displayed file content under fish, bash, and zsh
Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby before 1.0.233 automatically confirms ZMODEM protocol detection on all terminal session output without user interaction, enabling shell command execution when a user…
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Critical 9.4
Tabby: RCE via `tabby://run` URL Scheme
Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby registers itself as the handler for the tabby:// URL scheme on all platforms. The URL scheme handler supports a run command that directly executes OS commands with n…
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Low 3.6
Vim: Command injection in tar#Vimuntar via missing shellescape {special} flag
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0479, a command injection vulnerability exists in tar#Vimuntar() in runtime/autoload/tar.vim when decompressing .tgz archives on Unix-like systems. The function builds :!gunzip and :!gzip -d comman…
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Critical 10.0
Remote Code Execution in PDF Export Module
PDF Export Module used in DHTMLX's products Gantt and Scheduler is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to lack of "data" parameter sanitization. An unauthenticated attacker can inject the malicious JavaScript code to the parameter whose value is processed…
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High 8.7
Improper input validation in Delphix Continuous Data connectors allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary opera…
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Critical 9.3
HRConvert2: Missing Sanitization enables Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution
HRConvert2 is a self-hosted, drag-and-drop & nosql file conversion server & share tool. Prior to 3.3.8, the sanitizeString() function in convertCore.php is missing backtick (`) and tab (\t) from its strip list. User input then reaches shell_exec(), where the …
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High 8.3
python-utcp: Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol
python-utcp is the python implementation of UTCP. Prior to 1.1.3, the _substitute_utcp_args method in cli_communication_protocol.py inserts user-controlled tool_args values directly into shell command strings without any sanitization or escaping. These comman…
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Medium 6.0
Fleet vulnerable to OS command injection in software packages
Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to version 4.81.0, a vulnerability in Fleet's software installer pipeline could allow a crafted software package to execute arbitrary commands as root (macOS/Linux) or SYSTEM (Windows) on managed endpoint…
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Critical 9.3
mdserver-web: Missing Authorization and Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
mdserver-web is a simple Linux panel. From 0.18.0 to 0.18.4, mdserver-web has a front-end unauthorized remote command execution vulnerability. Due to the lack of authentication on the /modify_crond and /start_task interfaces, it is possible to modify the defa…
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Critical 9.8
Gotenberg: Unauthenticated RCE via ExifTool Metadata Key Injection
Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for PDF files. Prior to 8.31.0, Gotenberg's /forms/pdfengines/metadata/write HTTP endpoint accepts a JSON metadata object and passes its keys directly to ExifTool via the go-exiftool library. No validation is perfor…
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Critical 9.8
Web::Passwd versions through 0.03 for Perl is vulnerable to RCE
Web::Passwd versions through 0.03 for Perl is vulnerable to RCE. Web::Passwd is a small CGI application for managing htpasswd files using the htpasswd command. The user parameter is not validated or escaped, and is used as the last argument on the command lin…
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Critical 9.1
OPNsense: RCE on user managment
OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to 26.1.8, an authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the OPNsense core allows a user with user-management privileges to execute arbitrary system commands as root. An attacker…
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Medium 5.7
PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability
Multiple command injection vulnerabilities in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enable an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the…
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High 7.8
protobufjs-cli: OS Command Injection
protobufjs-cli is the command line add-on for protobuf.js. Prior to 1.2.1 and 2.0.2, pbts invoked JSDoc by building a shell command string from input file paths and executing it through child_process.exec. File paths containing shell metacharacters could ther…
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High 8.8
A potential vulnerability was reported in some Lenovo Personal Cloud Storage devices that could allow a remote authenti…
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High 8.7
Knowledge Appliance mode iControl REST vulnerability
When running in Appliance mode, an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability exists in an undisclosed iControl REST endpoint. A successful exploit can allow the attacker to cross a security boundary. Note: Software versions which have reached End…
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Medium 6.5
BIG-IP iControl SOAP vulnerability
An authenticated attacker with the Resource Administrator or Administrator role can create SNMP configuration objects through iControl SOAP resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not …
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Critical 9.8
ELECOM wireless LAN access point devices contain an OS command injection in processing of username parameter. If proces…
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High 7.2
ELECOM wireless LAN access point devices contain an OS command injection vulnerability in processing of ping_ip_addr pa…
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High 7.2
A Remote Code Execution vulnerability in Claris FileMaker Cloud allowed a user with Admin Console privileges to inject …
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Critical 9.3
efw4.X: Path Traversal via Unchecked dst Parameter leads to Remote Code Execution
efw4.X is an Enterprise Framework for Web. Prior to 4.08.010, the elfinder_checkRisk function validates target and targets for path traversal and home containment, but does not validate the dst (destination) parameter used by elfinder_paste. An attacker can c…
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High 7.2
Inconsistent input filtering allows Authenticated Command Injection in AOS-10 CLI
A vulnerability in the configuration processing logic of Access Points running AOS-10 could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute system commands under certain pre-existing conditions. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arb…
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High 7.2
Inconsistent input filtering allows Authenticated Command Injection in AOS-8 Instant and AOS-10 CLI
A vulnerability in the command line interface of Access Points running AOS-10 and AOS-8 Instant could allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute system commands in a restricted shell environment. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execu…
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High 8.8
Visual Studio Code Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Session fixation in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
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Medium 6.5
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet…
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Medium 6.1
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ("OS Command Injection") vulnerability [CWE-78] vu…
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Medium 6.2
LobeHub: Cross-Site Scripting(XSS) escalate to Remote Code Execution(RCE)
LobeHub is a work-and-lifestyle space to find, build, and collaborate with agent teammates that grow with you. Prior to 2.1.48, when LobeChat processes custom tags in the Render process of src/features/Portal/Artifacts/Body/Renderer/index.tsx, if no type matc…
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High 8.4
JunoClaw: plugin-shell shell-metacharacter injection via shell wrapper
JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, plugin-shell's run_command wrapped every agent-supplied command in 'sh -c' / 'cmd /C' and passed the full argument string to the shell's parser, allowing shell metacharacters…
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High 8.4
JunoClaw: plugin-shell shell-injection bypass via substring blocklist
JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, substring-based blocklist in plugin-shell's command-safety check could be bypassed by adversarial argument constructions, allowing unauthorized command execution on the host …
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High 7.2
OS command injection in Ivanti Virtual Traffic Manager before version 22.9r4 allows a remote authenticated attacker wit…
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High 8.2
Dell PowerScale InsightIQ, versions 6.0.0 through 6.2.0, contains an improper neutralization of special elements used i…