Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.1CVE-2024-51092 Public exploit
LibreNMS has an Authenticated OS Command Injection
LibreNMS before 24.10.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via OS command injection involving AboutController.php's index(), SettingsController.php's update(), and PollDevice.php's initRrdDirectory().
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High 7.3CVE-2025-67888 Public exploit
An issue was discovered in Control Web Panel (CWP) before 0.9.8.1209. User input passed via the "key" GET parameter to …
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Medium 6.3
8421bit MiniClaw kernel.ts executeCognitivePulse os command injection
A vulnerability was found in 8421bit MiniClaw up to 223c16a1088e138838dcbd18cd65a37c35ac5a84. Affected is the function executeCognitivePulse of the file src/kernel.ts. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. It is possible to initiate the a…
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High 8.8
GitPython: Command injection via Git options bypass
GitPython is a python library used to interact with Git repositories. From version 3.1.30 to before version 3.1.47, GitPython blocks dangerous Git options such as --upload-pack and --receive-pack by default, but the equivalent Python kwargs upload_pack and re…
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High 8.1
OS command injection vulneravility in the management gui (maintenance utility) of Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform One Block 23/24/26/28
OS command injection vulneravility in the management gui (maintenance utility) of Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform One Block 23, 24, 26 and 28. This issue affects Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform One Block 23/24/26/28: before DKCMAIN A3-04-21-40/00, ESM A3-04…
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High 8.8
node-ts-ocr is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via the invokeImageOcr function in src/index.js
NPM package node-ts-ocr 1.0.15 is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via the invokeImageOcr function in src/index.js.
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High 8.1
@evomap/evolver's validator sandbox allowlist permits `npm`/`npx`, yielding RCE from Hub-delivered validation tasks via lifecycle scripts
## Summary The validator-mode sandbox executor (`src/gep/validator/sandboxExecutor.js`) places `npm` and `npx` in its hard executable allowlist. Because `npm install <pkg>` and `npx -y -p <pkg> <bin>` execute arbitrary code by design (preinstall/install/posti…
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High 8.8
OpenClaw 2026.2.22 < 2026.4.12 - Shell-Wrapper Detection Bypass via Environment Variable Assignment Injection
OpenClaw versions from 2026.2.22 before 2026.4.12 contain an insufficient shell-wrapper detection vulnerability allowing attackers to inject environment variable assignments at the argv level. Attackers can bypass exec preflight handling to manipulate high-ri…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU cstecgi.cgi setAppFilterCfg os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. Affected is the function setAppFilterCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument enable results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotel…
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Critical 9.1
The GoAhead web server on MeiG Smart FORGE_SLT711 devices (firmware MDM9607.LE.1.0-00110-STD.PROD-1) allows unauthentic…
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High 8.8
OS command injection vulnerability in the traceroute diagnostic handler in /bin/httpd_clientside in ALTICE LABS / SFR F…
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High 8.8
OS command injection vulnerability in the ping diagnostic handler in /bin/httpd_clientside in ALTICE LABS / SFR France …
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High 7.3
A-G-U-P-T-A wireshark-mcp pyshark_mcp.py quick_capture os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in A-G-U-P-T-A wireshark-mcp edaf604416fbc94a201b4043092d4a1b09a12275/400c3da70074f22f3cce7ccb65304cafc7089c89. This affects the function quick_capture of the file pyshark_mcp.py. The manipulation results in os command inje…
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Critical 9.3
WDR201A WiFi Extender OS Command Injection via firewall.cgi
WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the firewall.cgi binary across five request handlers that apply insufficient input validation. Attackers can inject arbitrary shell commands through vulne…
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Critical 9.3
WDR201A WiFi Extender OS Command Injection via adm.cgi (reboot_time)
WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the adm.cgi binary's reboot_time function that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by injecting malicious input in…
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Critical 9.3
WDR201A WiFi Extender OS Command Injection via makeRequest.cgi
WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the makeRequest.cgi binary that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by injecting malicious input into the set_time…
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Critical 9.3
WDR201A WiFi Extender OS Command Injection via internet.cgi
WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the internet.cgi binary that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by injecting malicious input into the gateway POS…
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Critical 9.3
WDR201A WiFi Extender OS Command Injection via wireless.cgi
WDR201A WiFi Extender (HW V2.1, FW LFMZX28040922V1.02) contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the wireless.cgi binary that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by injecting malicious input into the sz11gChanne…
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Critical 9.8
Evolver: Command Injection via `execSync` in `_extractLLM()` function allows Remote Code Execution
Evolver is a GEP-powered self-evolving engine for AI agents. Prior to version 1.69.3, a command injection vulnerability in the _extractLLM() function allows attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands on the server. The function constructs a curl command us…
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Critical 9.3
Shell command injection in 3onedata GW1101-1D(RS-485)-TB-P modbus gateway
3onedata modbus gateway device model GW1101-1D(RS-485)-TB-P (hardware version V2.2.0) allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary shell commands in the context of the root user by providing payload in the "IP address" field of the diagnosis test tools. Th…
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Medium 6.3
privsim mcp-test-runner MCP index.ts child_process.spawn os command injection
A weakness has been identified in privsim mcp-test-runner 0.2.0. Impacted is the function child_process.spawn of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation of the argument command can lead to os command injection. The attac…
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Critical 9.9
GeoVision LPC2011/LPC2211 Web Interface / DdnsSetting.cgi OS command injection vulnerability
An os command injection vulnerability exists in the DdnsSetting.cgi functionality of GeoVision LPC2011/LPC2211 1.10. A specially crafted DDNS configuration can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can modify a configuration value to trigger this v…
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High 7.3
Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform updateDbBackupInfo os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform 7.17.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /Easy7/rest/systemInfo/updateDbBackupInfo. Such manipulation of the argument week leads to os command …
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Medium 6.3
r-huijts mcp-server-rijksmuseum MCP index.ts open_image_in_browser os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in r-huijts mcp-server-rijksmuseum up to 1.0.4. Affected is the function open_image_in_browser of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument imageUrl results in os comman…
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Medium 6.3
pskill9 website-downloader MCP index.ts download_website os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in pskill9 website-downloader up to 0.1.0. This affects the function download_website of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Performing a manipulation of the argument outputPath results in os command injection. T…
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Medium 6.3
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP Firmware Udpate diagnostic tools_diagnostic os command injection
A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP up to 1.12B01. The impacted element is the function tools_diagnostic of the file /tmp/diagnostic of the component Firmware Udpate. This manipulation causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is…
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Medium 5.5
TRENDnet TEW-821DAP tools_diagnostic os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP up to 1.12B01. The affected element is the function tools_diagnostic. The manipulation results in os command injection. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor explains: "That firmware version …
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Medium 6.3
ArtMin96 yii2-mcp-server MCP index.ts yii_execute_command os command injection
A flaw has been found in ArtMin96 yii2-mcp-server 1.0.2. This impacts the function yii_command_help/yii_execute_command of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can be execu…
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High 7.3
Sunwood-ai-labs command-executor-mcp-server MCP index.ts execute_command os command injection
A security vulnerability has been detected in Sunwood-ai-labs command-executor-mcp-server up to 0.1.0. This impacts the function execute_command of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. The manipulation leads to os command injection. Remote ex…
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High 7.3
eyal-gor p_69_branch_monkey_mcp Preview Endpoint advanced.py os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in eyal-gor p_69_branch_monkey_mcp up to 69bc71874ce40050ef45fde5a435855f18af3373. The affected element is an unknown function of the file branch_monkey_mcp/bridge_and_local_actions/routes/advanced.py of the component Preview En…
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High 8.8
Bitwarden CLI 2026.4.0 from 2026-04-22T21:57Z to 2026-04-22T23:30Z, when obtained from npm, had embedded malicious code…
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Critical 9.8
Totolink A8000RU CGI cstecgi.cgi vulnerability os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Totolink A8000RU 7.1cu.643_b20200521. This issue affects the function Vulnerability of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument proto leads to os command injection. The atta…
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High 8.0
OpenStack Ironic Python Agent Includes Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere
An issue was discovered in OpenStack ironic-python-agent 1.0.0 through 11.5.0. Ironic Python Agent (IPA) sometimes executes grub-install from within a chroot of the deployed partition image, leading to code execution in the case of a malicious image.
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High 8.8
HKUDS OpenHarness Remote Command Execution via /bridge Slash Command
HKUDS OpenHarness contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the /bridge slash command that allows remote senders accepted by configuration to execute arbitrary operating system commands. Attackers can invoke the /bridge spawn command with attacker-con…
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High 7.2
OS Command Injection in Amazon ECS Agent via FSx Windows File Server Volume Credentials
Improper neutralization of inputs used in an OS command in the FSx Windows File Server volume mounting component in Amazon ECS Agent on Windows before version 1.103.0 might allow a remote authenticated threat actor to execute shell commands with SYSTEM privil…
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Critical 9.8
Synway SMG Gateway Management Software OS Command Injection via radius_address
Synway SMG Gateway Management Software contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the RADIUS configuration endpoint at /en/9-2radius.php where the radius_address POST parameter is split and interpolated directly into a sed command without sanitization.…
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High 7.2
[DISPUTED] Pallets Click contains a command injection via Unsanitized Filename "click.edit()"
This CVE record was assigned not following CNA/CVE rules and is not considered a valid vulnerability by the Pallets Click project. The original CVE record description is preserved below: Pallets Click, versions 8.3.2 and below, contain a command injection vul…
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High 7.3
VetCoders mcp-server-semgrep MCP index.ts create_rule os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in VetCoders mcp-server-semgrep 1.0.0. This affects the function analyze_results/filter_results/export_results/compare_results/scan_directory/create_rule of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. The manipulation of…
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High 7.3
BurtTheCoder mcp-dnstwist MCP index.ts fuzz_domain os command injection
A weakness has been identified in BurtTheCoder mcp-dnstwist up to 1.0.4. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fuzz_domain of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. Executing a manipulation of the argument Request can lead to os comman…
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High 7.3
PolarVista xcode-mcp-server MCP index.ts run_tests os command injection
A vulnerability was found in PolarVista xcode-mcp-server 1.0.0. This issue affects the function build_project/run_tests of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. The manipulation of the argument Request results in os command injection. The atta…