Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform Configuration ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform up to 7.17.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Easy7/apps/WebService/ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of th…
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High 8.8
Linksys MR9600 SmartConnect.lua smartConnectConfigure os command injection
A flaw has been found in Linksys MR9600 2.0.6.206937. Affected is the function smartConnectConfigure of the file SmartConnect.lua. Executing a manipulation of the argument configApSsid/configApPassphrase/srpLogin/srpPassword can lead to os command injection. …
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Medium 5.9
AVideo Vulnerable to OS Command Injection via Unescaped URL in LinkedIn Video Upload Shell Command
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Prior to version 26.0, the `uploadVideoToLinkedIn()` method in the SocialMediaPublisher plugin constructs a shell command by directly interpolating an upload URL received from LinkedIn's API response, without sani…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Remote Code Execution via Shell Startup Environment Variable Injection in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 fail to sanitize shell startup environment variables HOME and ZDOTDIR in the system.run function, allowing attackers to bypass command allowlist protections. Remote attackers can inject malicious startup files such as .bas…
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Critical 10.0
Zen-AI-Pentest has Shell Injection via untrusted issue title in ZenClaw Discord Integration workflow
## Summary The `ZenClaw Discord Integration` GitHub Actions workflow is vulnerable to shell command injection. The issue title field, controllable by any GitHub user, is interpolated directly into a `run` shell block via a GitHub Actions template expression. …
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High 7.5CVE-2026-33154 Public exploit
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates…
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High 7.3
D-Link DIR-820LW SSDP ssdpcgi_main os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-820LW 2.03. Affected is the function ssdpcgi_main of the component SSDP. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and m…
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High 7.3
Totolink WA300 cstecgi.cgi recvUpgradeNewFw os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Totolink WA300 5.2cu.7112_B20190227. Affected by this issue is the function recvUpgradeNewFw of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. This manipulation causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The …
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Medium 5.3
sigmade Git-MCP-Server gitUtils.ts child_process.exec os command injection
A vulnerability was found in sigmade Git-MCP-Server up to 785aa159f262a02d5791a5d8a8e13c507ac42880. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_process.exec of the file src/gitUtils.ts of the component show_merge_diff/quick_merge_summary/show_file_di…
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High 8.1
QuNetSwitch
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuNetSwitch. The remote attackers can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QuNetSwitch 2.0.4.0415 and later
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Medium 6.3
QuNetSwitch
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuNetSwitch. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QuNe…
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Medium 5.7
QuNetSwitch
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QuNetSwitch. If a local attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following vers…
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High 8.6
SQLBot: RCE via SQL Injection in Excel Upload Endpoint
SQLBot is an intelligent data query system based on a large language model and RAG. Versions prior to 1.7.0 contain a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in the /api/v1/datasource/uploadExcel endpoint that enables Remote Code Execution (RCE), allowing any au…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-513 formSysCmd os command injection
A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/formSysCmd. Executing a manipulation of the argument sysCmd can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has be…
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High 7.8
AWStats 8.0 is vulnerable to Command Injection via the open function
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High 8.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.21 - Insecure Control UI Authentication over Plaintext HTTP
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.21 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability in the Control UI when allowInsecureAuth is explicitly enabled and the gateway is exposed over plaintext HTTP, allowing attackers to bypass device identity and pairing verific…
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High 7.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Arbitrary Shell Execution via Unvalidated SHELL Environment Variable
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an arbitrary shell execution vulnerability in shell environment fallback that trusts the unvalidated SHELL path from the host environment. An attacker with local environment access can inject a malicious SHELL vari…
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Medium 6.3
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via sort --compress-program Parameter
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in the safe-bin configuration when sort is manually added to tools.exec.safeBins. Attackers can invoke sort with the --compress-program flag to execute arbitrary external programs …
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Medium 6.6
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Remote Code Execution via SHELLOPTS/PS4 Environment Injection in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an environment variable injection vulnerability in the system.run function that allows attackers to bypass command allowlist restrictions via SHELLOPTS and PS4 environment variables. An attacker who can invoke syst…
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Critical 9.8
Microsoft Bing Images Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') in Microsoft Bing Images allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-32238 Public exploit
OpenEMR has Remote Code Execution in backup functionality
OpenEMR is a free and open source electronic health records and medical practice management application. Versions prior to 8.0.0.2 contain a Command injection vulnerability in the backup functionality that can be exploited by authenticated attackers. The vuln…
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High 7.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Windows Shell Fallback in Lobster Tool Execution
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Lobster extension tool execution that uses Windows shell fallback with shell: true after spawn failures. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters in command arguments to ex…
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Medium 6.3
OpenClaw 2026.2.26 < 2026.3.1 - Current Working Directory Injection via Windows Wrapper Resolution Fallback
OpenClaw versions 2026.2.26 prior to 2026.3.1 on Windows contain a current working directory injection vulnerability in wrapper resolution for .cmd/.bat files that allows attackers to influence execution behavior through cwd manipulation. Remote attackers can…
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Medium 4.4
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - safeBins stdin-only bypass via sort output and recursive grep flags
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 tools.exec.safeBins contains an input validation bypass vulnerability that allows attackers to execute unintended filesystem operations through sort output flags or recursive grep flags. Attackers with command execution ac…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw 2026.1.21 < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Windows Shell Fallback in Lobster Extension
OpenClaw versions 2026.1.21 prior to 2026.2.19 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Lobster extension's Windows shell fallback mechanism that allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands through tool-provided arguments. When spawn failures trigge…
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High 7.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Local Command Injection via Unsafe cmd Argument Handling in Windows Scheduled Task Script Generation
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 contain a local command injection vulnerability in Windows scheduled task script generation due to unsafe handling of cmd metacharacters and expansion-sensitive characters in gateway.cmd files. Local attackers with control…
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Medium 6.8
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Authorization Bypass via allow-always Wrapper Persistence
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in allow-always wrapper persistence that allows attackers to bypass approval checks by persisting wrapper-level allowlist entries instead of validating inner executable intent.…
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High 7.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Shell Line-Continuation Command Substitution in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run that allows attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by splitting command substitution using shell line-continuation characters. Attackers can bypass security an…
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High 7.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Wrapper Binary Unwrapping in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in system.run exec analysis that fails to unwrap env and shell-dispatch wrapper chains. Attackers can route execution through wrapper binaries like env bash to smuggle payloads tha…
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Medium 6.1
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - Command Injection via Unescaped Environment Variables in Windows Scheduled Task Script Generation
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 contain a command injection vulnerability in Windows Scheduled Task script generation where environment variables are written to gateway.cmd using unquoted set KEY=VALUE assignments, allowing shell metacharacters to break …
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High 7.0
Glances has a Command Injection via Process Names in Action Command Templates
Glances is an open-source system cross-platform monitoring tool. The Glances action system allows administrators to configure shell commands that execute when monitoring thresholds are exceeded. These commands support Mustache template variables (e.g., `{{nam…
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High 7.2
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via Command Substitution in system.run
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 in macOS node-host system.run contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute non-allowlisted commands by exploiting improper parsing of command substitution tokens. Attackers can craft sh…
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Medium 6.7
OpenClaw < 2026.2.22 - Allowlist Bypass via sort Configuration in safeBins
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain an allowlist bypass vulnerability in the safeBins configuration that allows attackers to invoke external helpers through the compress-program option. When sort is explicitly added to tools.exec.safeBins, remote att…
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High 7.2
xiaoheiFS Vulnerable to RCE via Unrestricted Plugin Installation (Manifest Manipulation)
xiaoheiFS is a self-hosted financial and operational system for cloud service businesses. In versions up to and including 0.3.15, the standard plugin system allows admins to upload a ZIP file containing a binary and a `manifest.json`. The server trusts the `b…
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Critical 9.8
A command injection vulnerability exists in the web management interface of the WiFi Extender WDR201A (HW V2.1, FW LFMZ…
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High 8.8
Roxy-WI has a Command Injection via diff parameter in config comparison allows authenticated RCE
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. Prior to version 8.2.6.3, a command injection vulnerability exists in the `/config/compare/<service>/<server_ip>/show` endpoint, allowed authenticated users to execute arbi…
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Critical 9.1
Angeet ES3 KVM OS command injection
The Angeet ES3 KVM does not properly sanitize user-supplied variables parsed by the 'cfg.lua' script, allowing an authenticated attacker to execute OS-level commands.
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High 7.2
Perle IOLAN STS/SCS Authenticated Command Injection via 'shell ps'
Perle IOLAN STS/SCS terminal server models with firmware versions prior to 6.0 allow authenticated OS command injection via the restricted shell accessed over Telnet or SSH. The shell 'ps' command does not perform proper argument sanitization and passes user-…
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Medium 4.7CVE-2026-4253 Public exploit
Tenda AC8 Web UploadCfg route_set_user_policy_rule os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda AC8 16.03.50.11. This affects the function route_set_user_policy_rule of the file /cgi-bin/UploadCfg of the component Web Interface. The manipulation of the argument wans.policy.list1 results in os command injectio…
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High 7.2
OpenLiteSpeed and LSWS Enterprise provided by LiteSpeed Technologies contain an OS command injection vulnerability. An …