Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-25053 Public exploit
n8n is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection in Git Node
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 1.123.10 and 2.5.0, vulnerabilities in the Git node allowed authenticated users with permission to create or modify workflows to execute arbitrary system commands or read arbitrary files on…
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High 7.7
Claude Code has a Command Injection in find Command Bypasses User Approval Prompt
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.72, due to an error in command parsing, it was possible to bypass the Claude Code confirmation prompt to trigger execution of untrusted commands through the find command. Reliably exploiting this req…
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High 7.7
Cluade Code has a Path Restriction Bypass via ZSH Clobber which Allows Arbitrary File Writes
Claude Code is an agentic coding tool. Prior to version 2.0.74, due to a Bash command validation flaw in parsing ZSH clobber syntax, it was possible to bypass directory restrictions and write files outside the current working directory without user permission…
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Medium 4.5
HCL AION is susceptible to Potential Command Injection vulnerability
A Potential Command Injection vulnerability in HCL AION. An This can allow unintended command execution, potentially leading to unauthorized actions on the underlying system.This issue affects AION: 2.0
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High 7.2
OS command injection vulnerability exists in ELECOM wireless LAN products. A crafted request from a logged-in user may …
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High 8.2
Information disclosure in Brocade Fabric OS before 9.2.1c2, 9.2.2 through 9.2.2a and 10.0.0
A vulnerability in Brocade Fabric OS could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privileges to access the Bash shell to access insecurely stored file contents including the history command.
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High 8.2
FUXA allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via the project import functionality.
FUXA v1.2.7 allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via the project import functionality. The application does not properly sanitize or sandbox user-supplied scripts within imported project files. An attacker can upload a malicious project containing system comman…
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High 8.8
Authenticated Command Injection in OpenClaw Docker Execution via PATH Environment Variable
OpenClaw (formerly Clawdbot) is a personal AI assistant you run on your own devices. Prior to 2026.1.29, a command injection vulnerability existed in OpenClaw’s Docker sandbox execution mechanism due to unsafe handling of the PATH environment variable when co…
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Critical 10.0
RCE - Command Injection in Signal K set-system-time plugin
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to 1.5.0, a command injection vulnerability allows authenticated users with write permissions to execute arbitrary shell commands on the Signal K server when the set-system-ti…
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High 8.6
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and Deco BE25 v1.0
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication via the import of a crafted VPN client configuration file on the TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and Deco BE25 v1.0. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full adm…
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication via the configuration backup restoration function of the TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the …
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High 8.5CVE-2026-22226 Public exploit
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 and AX73
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication in the VPN server configuration module on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and Archer AX73 v2. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of …
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and AXE75 v1.0
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication in the VPN Connection Service on the Archer BE230 v1.2 and Archer AXE75 v1.0. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the devic…
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2
A command injection vulnerability may be exploited after the admin's authentication in the cloud communication interface on the TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the device, resul…
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and BE3600 v1
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and BE3600 v1 (vpn modules) allows adjacent authenticated attacker execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the device, re…
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and AXE75 v2
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and Archer AXE75 v2 (web modules) allows adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the d…
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High 8.5
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerability in Surfshark VPN Login in multiple Archer products
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the Surfshark VPN login functionality in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2, BE3600v1, AX10 v3 and AXE75 v1, allowing an adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an a…
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and AXE75 v1.0
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2(web modules) and Archer AXE75 v1.0 allows adjacent authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the …
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High 8.5
Command Injection Vulnerability on TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2 and BE3600 v1
An OS Command Injection vulnerability in TP-Link Archer BE230 v1.2(vpn modules) and BE3600 v1 allows adjacent authenticated attacker execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain full administrative control of the device, res…
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High 8.0CVE-2025-9974 Public exploit
Insufficient Input Validation on WEBUI in Nokia ONT/Beacon product
The unified WEBUI application of the ONT/Beacon device contains an input handling flaw that allows authenticated users to trigger unintended system-level command execution. Due to insufficient validation of user-supplied data, a low-privileged authenticated a…
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High 8.8
RaspAP raspap-webgui contains an OS Command Injection vulnerability
RaspAP raspap-webgui versions prior to 3.3.6 contain an OS command injection vulnerability. If exploited, an arbitrary OS command may be executed by a user who can log in to the product.
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High 8.8
Wing FTP Server 6.3.8 - Remote Code Execution
Wing FTP Server 6.3.8 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its Lua-based web console that allows authenticated users to execute system commands. Attackers can leverage the console to send POST requests with malicious commands that trigger operati…
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Critical 9.8
Sickbeard 0.1 - Remote Command Injection
Sickbeard alpha contains a remote command injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands through the extra scripts configuration. Attackers can set malicious commands in the extra scripts field and trigger processi…
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Critical 9.2
TOTOLINK X6000R Unauthenticated Command Injection Vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in TOTOLINK X6000R allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects X6000R: through V9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826.
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Critical 9.7CVE-2026-25130 Public exploit
Cybersecurity AI vulnerable to command Injection through argument injection in find_file Agent tool
Cybersecurity AI (CAI) is a framework for AI Security. In versions up to and including 0.5.10, the CAI (Cybersecurity AI) framework contains multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in its function tools. User-controlled input is passed directly to shell c…
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High 7.2CVE-2026-0709 Public exploit
Some Hikvision Wireless Access Points are vulnerable to authenticated command execution due to insufficient input valid…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.5.2 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command…
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High 7.8
Dell UnityVSA, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Comman…
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Critical 9.8
aelsantex runcommand 2014-04-01, a plugin for DokuWiki, allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system co…
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Medium 5.4
Command Injection in nvm via NVM_AUTH_HEADER in wget code path
A command injection vulnerability exists in nvm (Node Version Manager) versions 0.40.3 and below. The nvm_download() function uses eval to execute wget commands, and the NVM_AUTH_HEADER environment variable was not sanitized in the wget code path (though it w…
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High 8.3
gradle-completion has a Bash command injection issue
gradle-completion provides Bash and Zsh completion support for Gradle. A command injection vulnerability was found in gradle-completion up to and including 9.3.0 that allows arbitrary code execution when a user triggers Bash tab completion in a project contai…
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Medium 6.6
Inspektor Gadget has a Command Injection vulnerability in Makefile.build
Inspektor Gadget is a set of tools and framework for data collection and system inspection on Kubernetes clusters and Linux hosts using eBPF. The `ig` binary provides a subcommand for image building, used to generate custom gadget OCI images. A part of this f…
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Critical 9.8
Tea LaTex 1.0 - Remote Code Execution
Tea LaTex 1.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands through the /api.php endpoint. Attackers can craft a malicious LaTeX payload with shell commands that are executed when proc…
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Critical 9.8
Ajenti 2.1.36 Authenticated Remote Code Execution
Ajenti 2.1.36 contains a post-authenticated remote command execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands after successful login. Attackers can leverage the /api/terminal/create endpoint to send a netcat reverse shell paylo…
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Medium 6.3
D-Link DIR-823X set_mode sub_41E2A0 os command injection
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. Impacted is the function sub_41E2A0 of the file /goform/set_mode. Performing a manipulation of the argument lan_gateway results in os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out re…
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High 7.2
D-Link DIR-615 MAC Filter Configuration adv_mac_filter.php os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /adv_mac_filter.php of the component MAC Filter Configuration. This manipulation of the argument mac causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be c…
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High 7.2
D-Link DIR-615 URL Filter set_temp_nodes.php os command injection
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-615 4.10. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /set_temp_nodes.php of the component URL Filter. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has be…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-24841 Public exploit
Dokploy Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Command Injection in Docker Container Terminal WebSocket Endpoint
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). In versions prior to 0.26.6, a critical command injection vulnerability exists in Dokploy's WebSocket endpoint `/docker-container-terminal`. The `containerId` and `activeWay` parameters are direct…
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High 7.8
BrowserStack Local vulnerable to Command Injection through logfile variable
The Node.js package browserstack-local 1.5.8 contains a command injection vulnerability. This occurs because the logfile variable is not properly sanitized in lib/Local.js.
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High 7.8
NVIDIA runx contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulne…