Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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High 7.8
NVIDIA NSIGHT Graphics for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause command injection. A successful…
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High 7.2
Cursor has a Terminal Tool Allowlist Bypass via Environment Variables
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Prior to 2.3, hen the Cursor Agent is running in Auto-Run Mode with Allowlist mode enabled, certain shell built-ins can still be executed without appearing in the allowlist and without requiring user appr…
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Medium 6.8
Command injection vulnerability
The VSCode extension for Spring CLI are vulnerable to command injection, resulting in command execution on the users machine.
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Critical 9.8
Webgrind 1.1 - Remote Command Execution (RCE) via dataFile Parameter
Webgrind 1.1 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject OS commands via the dataFile parameter in index.php. Attackers can execute arbitrary system commands by manipulating the dataFile parameter, such as…
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Critical 9.8
Tdarr 2.00.15 - Command Injection
Tdarr 2.00.15 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in its Help terminal that allows attackers to inject and chain arbitrary commands. Attackers can exploit the lack of input filtering by chaining commands like `--help; curl .py | py…
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High 8.8
Algo 8028 Control Panel - Remote Code Execution (RCE) (Authenticated)
Algo 8028 Control Panel version 3.3.3 contains a command injection vulnerability in the fm-data.lua endpoint that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands. Attackers can exploit the insecure 'source' parameter by injecting commands that ar…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Command Injection Vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
Authenticated command injection vulnerabilities exist in the web-based management interface of mobility conductors running AOS-8 operating system. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary commands as a privileg…
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High 8.6
Dreamweaver Desktop | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (CWE-78)
Dreamweaver Desktop versions 21.6 and earlier are affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability that could lead in arbitrary code execution by an attacker. Exploitation of this issue re…
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Critical 9.4
An improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet…
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High 8.4
OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK
Due to an OS Command Injection vulnerability in SAP Application Server for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver RFCSDK, an authenticated attacker with administrative access and adjacent network access could upload specially crafted content to the server. If processed by th…
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Critical 10.0
TinyWeb CGI Command Injection
TinyWeb is a web server (HTTP, HTTPS) written in Delphi for Win32. TinyWeb HTTP Server before version 1.98 is vulnerable to OS command injection via CGI ISINDEX-style query parameters. The query parameters are passed as command-line arguments to the CGI execu…
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High 8.8
Merit LILIN｜IP Camera - OS Command Injection
Certain IP Camera models developed by Merit LILIN has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 8.8
Merit LILIN｜NVR - OS Command Injection
Certain DVR/NVR models developed by Merit LILIN has a OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing authenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the device.
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High 7.1
Spectrum command injection in NCM service
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Broadcom DX NetOps Spectrum on Windows, Linux allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects DX NetOps Spectrum: 23.3.6 and earlier.
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High 7.3
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System session SessionController os command injection
A vulnerability was identified in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. The affected element is the function SessionController of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/session. Such manipulation of the argument Hostname leads to os comm…
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Critical 9.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System getCmd WriterHandle.getCmd os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. Impacted is the function WriterHandle.getCmd of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getCmd. This manipulation of the argument sessionPath causes os command inject…
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Critical 9.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System HTTP POST Request getHis os command injection
A vulnerability was found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /isomp-protocol/protocol/getHis of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument s…
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High 8.8
Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System VersionController.java uploadCN os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Sangfor Operation and Maintenance Management System up to 3.0.8. This vulnerability affects the function uploadCN of the file VersionController.java. The manipulation of the argument filename leads to os command injection. Th…
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High 7.8
Command Injection in Kiro GitLab Merge Request Helper
Processing specially crafted workspace folder names could allow for arbitrary command injection in the Kiro GitLab Merge-Request helper in Kiro IDE before version 0.6.18 when opening maliciously crafted workspaces. To mitigate, users should update to the late…
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Medium 6.5
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4…
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Medium 6.0
Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.4…
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High 8.6
Command injection in Vivotek IP7137 cameras
Vivotek IP7137 camera with firmware version 0200a is vulnerable to command injection. Parameter "system_ntpIt" used by "/cgi-bin/admin/setparam.cgi" endpoint is not sanitized properly, allowing a user with administrative privileges to perform an attack. Due t…
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High 8.6
Authenticated Remote Code Execution in the NTP-configuration
This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute commands via the NTP-configuration of the device.
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High 7.8
Greenshot Vulnerable to OS Command Injection via ExternalCommand Plugin
Greenshot is an open source Windows screenshot utility. Versions 1.3.310 and below arvulnerable to OS Command Injection through unsanitized filename processing. The FormatArguments method in ExternalCommandDestination.cs:269 uses string.Format() to insert use…
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High 8.8
INIM Electronics SmartLiving SmartLAN/G/SI <=6.x Remote Command Execution
SmartLiving SmartLAN <=6.x contains an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability in the web.cgi binary through the 'par' POST parameter with the 'testemail' module. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized parameter and system() function call to execu…
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High 8.8CVE-2017-20215 EPSS 16%
FLIR Thermal Camera FC-S/PT firmware version 8.0.0.64 Authenticated OS Command Injection
FLIR Thermal Camera FC-S/PT firmware version 8.0.0.64 contains an authenticated OS command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute shell commands with root privileges. Authenticated attackers can inject arbitrary shell commands through unvali…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2017-20216 EPSS 12%
FLIR Thermal Camera PT-Series firmware version 8.0.0.64 Unauthenticated Remote Command Injection
FLIR Thermal Camera PT-Series firmware version 8.0.0.64 contains multiple unauthenticated remote command injection vulnerabilities in the controllerFlirSystem.php script. Attackers can execute arbitrary system commands as root by exploiting unsanitized POST p…
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High 7.6
pnpm vulnerable to Command Injection via environment variable substitution
pnpm is a package manager. Versions 6.25.0 through 10.26.2 have a Command Injection vulnerability when using environment variable substitution in .npmrc configuration files with tokenHelper settings. An attacker who can control environment variables during pn…
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Medium 6.9
Command injection in Kieback&Peter Neutrino-GLT
Kieback&Peter Neutrino-GLT product is used for building management. It's web component "SM70 PHWEB" is vulnerable to shell command injection via login form. The injected commands would execute with low privileges. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 9…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-15472 EPSS 22%
TRENDnet TEW-811DRU httpd uapply.cgi setDeviceURL os command injection
A flaw has been found in TRENDnet TEW-811DRU 1.0.2.0. This affects the function setDeviceURL of the file uapply.cgi of the component httpd . This manipulation of the argument DeviceURL causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The ex…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-15471 EPSS 14%
TRENDnet TEW-713RE formFSrvX os command injection
A vulnerability was detected in TRENDnet TEW-713RE 1.02. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goformX/formFSrvX. The manipulation of the argument SZCMD results in os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The expl…
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High 8.8
Cayin Signage Media Player 3.0 Authenticated Remote Command Injection via NTP Parameter
Cayin Signage Media Player 3.0 contains an authenticated remote command injection vulnerability in system.cgi and wizard_system.cgi pages. Attackers can exploit the 'NTP_Server_IP' parameter with default credentials to execute arbitrary shell commands as root.
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Critical 10.0
Coolify has Git Repository RCE
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.420.7, the Git Repository field during project creation is vulnerable to command injection. User input is not properly sanitized, a…
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Critical 9.4
Coolify has Docker Compose Injection issue
Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to version 4.0.0-beta.420.7, a Remote Code Execution (RCE)*vulnerability exists in Coolify's application deployment workflow. This flaw allows a low-priv…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-5965 EPSS 28%
RCE via the backup feature available only to user with high privilege
In the backup parameters, a user with high privilege is able to concatenate custom instructions to the backup setup. Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (Backup …
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High 8.7
Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller OS Command Injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): before 2.5.1.
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Critical 9.4
Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller OS Command Injection
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects Multi-Stack Controller (MSC): from 2.3.8 before 2.5.1.
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Critical 9.7
Signal K Server has Unauthenticated State Pollution leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.19.0, an unauthenticated attacker can pollute the internal state (`restoreFilePath`) of the server via the `/skServer/validateBackup` endpoint. This allows the at…