Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,327 results · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Pagekit CMS is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via Storage component
An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /storage/poc.php component of Pagekit CMS v1.0.18 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted PHP file.
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High 8.1CVE-2025-68154 EPSS 13%
Command Injection in fsSize() on Windows
systeminformation is a System and OS information library for node.js. In versions prior to 5.27.14, the `fsSize()` function in systeminformation is vulnerable to OS command injection on Windows systems. The optional `drive` parameter is directly concatenated …
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High 8.6
OS Command Injection via Path Traversal in WaveStore Server
WaveView client allows users to execute restricted set of predefined commands and scripts on the connected WaveStore Server. A malicious attacker with high-privileges is able to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server using path traversal in the showerr s…
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Critical 10.0
A Path Traversal vulnerability in the Allsky WebUI version v2024.12.06_06 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to …
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Critical 9.3
Wp2Fac 1.0 OS Command Injection via send.php Endpoint
Wp2Fac 1.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the send.php endpoint that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. Attackers can inject shell commands through the 'numara' parameter by appending shell commands with '&' opera…
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Medium 6.3
TOTOLINK X5000R cstecgi.cgi snprintf os command injection
A vulnerability was determined in TOTOLINK X5000R 9.1.0cu.2089_B20211224. Affected by this issue is the function snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=exportOvpn&type=user. This manipulation of the argument User causes os command injection. Remote …
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High 8.8
Atcom 2.7.x.x Authenticated Command Injection via Web Configuration CGI
Atcom 100M IP Phones firmware version 2.7.x.x contains an authenticated command injection vulnerability in the web configuration CGI script that allows attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. Attackers can inject shell commands through the 'cmd' param…
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Critical 9.8
Typora 1.7.4 OS Command Injection via Export PDF Preferences
Typora 1.7.4 contains a command injection vulnerability in the PDF export preferences that allows attackers to execute arbitrary system commands. Attackers can inject malicious commands into the 'run command' input field during PDF export to achieve remote co…
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High 8.7
FreePBX 16 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via API Module
FreePBX 16 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the API module that allows attackers with valid session credentials to execute arbitrary commands. Attackers can exploit the 'generatedocs' endpoint by crafting malicious POST request…
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High 8.7
reNgine 2.2.0 Authenticated Command Injection via Scan Engine Configuration
reNgine 2.2.0 contains a command injection vulnerability in the nmap_cmd parameter of scan engine configuration that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands. Attackers can modify the nmap_cmd parameter with malicious base64-encoded payloa…
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Critical 9.3CVE-2024-58286 Public exploit
dizqueTV 1.5.3 Remote Code Execution via FFMPEG Executable Path
dizqueTV 1.5.3 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands through the FFMPEG Executable Path settings. Attackers can modify the executable path with shell commands to read system files like /etc/passwd by…
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High 8.8
IBM Aspera Orchestrator Command Injection
IBM Aspera Orchestrator 4.0.0 through 4.1.0 could allow an authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands with elevated privileges on the system due to improper validation of user supplied input.
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High 8.5
squid/cachemgr.cgi in Webmin before 2.600 does not properly quote arguments. This is relevant if Webmin's Squid module …
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1200 EW_3.0(1)B11P227_EW1200_11130208RG-EW1200 V1.00 allowing attacke…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR600W allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a c…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1200G PRO RG-EW1200G PRO V1.00/V2.00/V3.00/V4.00 allowing attackers t…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR600W allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a c…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX PRO B11P226_EW1800GX-PRO_10223117 allowing attackers to execut…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a cr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a cr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1200G PRO RG-EW1200G PRO V1.00/V2.00/V3.00/V4.00 allowing attackers t…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X60 PRO X60_10212014RG-X60 PRO V1.00/V2.00 allowing attackers to execute a…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX B11P226_EW1800GX_10223121 allowing attackers to execute arbitr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX B11P226_EW1800GX_10223121 allowing attackers to execute arbitr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1300G EW1300G V1.00/V2.00/V4.00 allowing attackers to execute arbitra…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX B11P226_EW1800GX_10223121 allowing attackers to execute arbitr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR860 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a cr…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1800GX PRO B11P226_EW1800GX-PRO_10223117 allowing attackers to execut…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X60 PRO X60_10212014RG-X60 PRO V1.00/V2.00 allowing attackers to execute a…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie M18 EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary …
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-YST AP_3.0(1)B11P280YST250F allowing attackers to execute arbitrary com…
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High 7.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X60 PRO X60_10212014RG-X60 PRO V1.00/V2.00 allowing attackers to execute a…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR600W allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a c…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-EW1200G PRO RG-EW1200G PRO V1.00/V2.00/V3.00/V4.00 allowing attackers t…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie RG-BCR RG-BCR600W allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a c…
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High 8.8
OS Command Injection vulnerability in Ruijie X30-PRO X30-PRO-V1_09241521 allowing attackers to execute arbitrary comman…