Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78: OS Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command before it is sent to a downstream component.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
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Implementation
While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
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Implementation
If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
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Architecture and Design
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Source: MITRE CWE-78
5,332 results · Feed
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Critical 9.1
A vulnerability has been identified in SENTRON 7KT PAC1260 Data Manager (All versions). The web interface of affected d…
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Critical 9.1
A vulnerability has been identified in SENTRON 7KT PAC1260 Data Manager (All versions). The web interface of affected d…
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Critical 9.1
A vulnerability has been identified in SENTRON 7KT PAC1260 Data Manager (All versions). The web interface of affected d…
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Critical 9.8
HGiga iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The web service of iSherlock from HGiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Critical 9.8
HGiga iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The web service of iSherlock from HGiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Critical 9.8
HGiga iSherlock - OS Command Injection
The web service of iSherlock from HGiga has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands and execute them on the server.
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Critical 10.0CVE-2021-47667 EPSS 36%
An OS command injection vulnerability in lib/NSSDropoff.php in ZendTo 5.24-3 through 6.x before 6.10-7 allows unauthent…
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Medium 4.8
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in DoWISP
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in DoWISP in versions prior to 1.16.2.50, which consists of an stored XSS through the upload of a profile picture in SVG format with malicious Javascript code in it.
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High 7.4
jupyterlab-git has a command injection vulnerability in "Open Git Repository in Terminal"
jupyterlab-git is a JupyterLab extension for version control using Git. On many platforms, a third party can create a Git repository under a name that includes a shell command substitution string in the syntax $(<command>). These directory names are allowed i…
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Critical 9.8
Netwrix Password Secure 9.2.0.32454 allows OS command injection.
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High 8.6
Commend Injection Leading to Privilege Escalation
This vulnerability involves command injection in tcpdump within Moxa products, enabling an authenticated attacker with console access to exploit improper input validation to inject and execute systems commands. Successful exploitation could result in privileg…
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Critical 9.2
Command Injection in NTP Setting
A remote attacker with web administrator privileges can exploit the device’s web interface to execute arbitrary system commands through the NTP settings. Successful exploitation may result in the device entering an infinite reboot loop, leading to a total or …
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Medium 6.5CVE-2025-26055 Public exploit
An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the Infinxt iEdge 100 2.1.32 Troubleshoot module, specifically in the t…
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Medium 6.6
AI (Artificial Intelligence) - Moderately critical - Gadget Chain - SA-CONTRIB-2025-022
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Drupal AI (Artificial Intelligence) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects AI (Artificial Intelligence): from 0.0.0 before 1.0.5.
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High 7.5
AI (Artificial Intelligence) - Critical - Remote Code Execution - SA-CONTRIB-2025-021
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Drupal AI (Artificial Intelligence) allows OS Command Injection.This issue affects AI (Artificial Intelligence): from 0.0.0 before 1.0.5.
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High 8.8CVE-2025-30004 Public exploit
Xorcom CompletePBX <= 5.2.35 Task Scheduler Authenticated Command Injection
Xorcom CompletePBX is vulnerable to command injection in the administrator Task Scheduler functionality, allowing for attackers to execute arbitrary commands as the root user. This issue affects CompletePBX: all versions up to and prior to 5.2.35
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High 7.3CVE-2025-3002 EPSS 20%
Digital China DCME-520 mon_merge_stat_hist.php os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Digital China DCME-520 up to 20250320. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /usr/local/WWW/function/audit/newstatistics/mon_merge_stat_hist.php. The manipulation of the arg…
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Critical 9.3
OS Command Injection vulnerability in e-management of e-solutions
Os command injection vulnerability in e-solutions e-management. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the server via the ‘client’ parameter in the /data/apache/e-management/api/api3.php endpoint.
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Critical 10.0
OS Command Injection Vulnerability in FAST LTA Silent Brick WebUI
A critical OS Command Injection vulnerability has been identified in the FAST LTA Silent Brick WebUI, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands via specially crafted input. This vulnerability arises due to improper handling of u…
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Medium 5.5
Legrand SMS PowerView os command injection
A vulnerability has been found in Legrand SMS PowerView 1.x and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality. The manipulation of the argument redirect leads to os command injection. The exploit has been disclosed to the …
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.3
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.3
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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Critical 9.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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High 7.8
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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Critical 9.1
Dell Unity, version(s) 5.4 and prior, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in TOTOLINK A3100R V4.1.2cu.5247_B20211129 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the setWebWl…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-28219 EPSS 13%
Netgear DC112A V1.0.0.64 has an OS command injection vulnerability in the usb_adv.cgi, which allows remote attackers to…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-25579 EPSS 10%
TOTOLINK A3002R V4.0.0-B20230531.1404 is vulnerable to Command Injection in /bin/boa via bandstr.
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Critical 9.8
The TOTOLINK A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 were found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in t…
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High 7.2
Total Upkeep – WordPress Backup Plugin plus Restore & Migrate by BoldGrid <= 1.16.10 - Authenticated (Admin+) Command Injection
The Total Upkeep – WordPress Backup Plugin plus Restore & Migrate by BoldGrid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1.16.10 via the compression_level setting. This is due to the plugin using the comp…
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Medium 6.3
mannaandpoem OpenManus Prompt python_execute.py os command injection
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in mannaandpoem OpenManus up to 2025.3.13. This affects an unknown part of the file app/tool/python_execute.py of the component Prompt Handler. The manipulation leads to os command injection. It is possibl…