Weakness (CWE)
CWE-88: Argument Injection
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component
in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the
intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Implementation
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
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Architecture and Design
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
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Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Source: MITRE CWE-88
431 results · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Netcore NR268 DDNS DDNSset.cgi execvp argument injection
A flaw has been found in Netcore NR268 1.7.121109. The affected element is the function execvp of the file /router/DDNSset.cgi of the component DDNS. Executing a manipulation of the argument Hostname can lead to argument injection. The attack can be launched …
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High 8.8
databasement before 1.8.2 allows remote code execution because it runs certain commands (e.g., mariadb-dump) with a dat…
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High 7.1
SumatraPDF — Windows command-line argument injection in AI selection-translate
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, src/SelectionTranslate.cpp embeds selected or pasted translation text in quoted Windows command lines using incomplete quote-only escaping. The affected BuildGrokTranslateCmdLineTemp(), Bu…
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High 7.1
SumatraPDF: SyncTeX Argument Injection in Inverse Search Enables Arbitrary Command Execution via External Editors
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.5.2 and earlier, an attacker-controlled SyncTeX source filename is substituted for the %f placeholder in an external editor command line without safe Windows argument quoting, and the resulting command lin…
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Low 2.7
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 may be vulnerable to audit log forgery.
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High 8.8
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized actions due to argument injection.
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High 8.8
Security vulnerabilities have been found in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Security Verify Access 10.0 through 10.0.9.2 and IBM Verify Identity Access 11.0 through 11.0.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands due to improper neutralization of command arguments.
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High 8.8
ILIAS before 9.24, 10.12, and 11.5 Argument Injection via Image Map Question Upload Filename
ILIAS before 9.24, 10.x before 10.12 and 11.x before 11.5 contains an argument injection vulnerability in assImagemapQuestionGUI that allows question authors to inject ImageMagick convert options via uploaded image filenames. Attackers can embed tab-separated…
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Critical 9.1
Authenticated argument injection in NIOS command line leading to privilege escalation
An authenticated high privilege user can inject arguments in troubleshooting commands resulting in privilege escalation.
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High 8.5
Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel allows local users to execute arbitrary code as other accounts on the same …
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High 8.4
An argument injection vulnerability exists in the configuration management command-line utility of Brocade Fabric OS ve…
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High 8.5
An authorization and input validation vulnerability exists in Brocade Fabric OS versions before 9.2.2d and 10.0.0 throu…
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High 7.5
Microsoft UFO: Arbitrary code execution in `run_shell` via `explorer.exe` argument injection
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.9, the run_shell tool in the CommandLineExecutor component of ufo/client/mcp/local_servers/cli_mcp_server.py validates only the first token of the …
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Medium 5.4
Microsoft UFO: Arbitrary file write in the Linux MCP `execute_command` tool
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.9, the execute_command tool in ufo/client/mcp/http_servers/linux_mcp_server.py treats sort and uniq as read-only commands while the free-form comma…
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High 8.8
Microsoft UFO: Authenticated Android shell command injection in Mobile MCP type_text and launch_app
Microsoft UFO is an open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. Prior to 3.0.10, the type_text and launch_app tools in ufo/client/mcp/http_servers/mobile_mcp_server.py pass the authenticated caller-controlled text and packag…
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High —
Nx: OS command injection via git revisions and remote refs
## Summary Nx core builds several `git` invocations as shell command strings with untrusted values interpolated into them, so a value that should be a git revision or ref is parsed by `/bin/sh` instead. Two entry points are reachable by an attacker: `affected…
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Low 2.5
Cups: cups: argument injection in mailto notifier via notify-recipient-uri
An argument injection flaw was found in CUPS. When email notification is configured, the CUPS scheduler accepts printer subscription requests that supply a mailto notify-recipient-uri. The mailto notifier passes the recipient address to the configured sendmai…
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High 7.8
auto-changelog: code execution via untrusted in-repository configuration (handlebarsSetup/plugins), plus argument injection, path traversal, and SSRF
auto-changelog before 2.6.1 merges configuration from inside the target repository (the .auto-changelog file and the auto-changelog key in package.json) into its options, and honors security-sensitive options from that untrusted source. The handlebarsSetup op…
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Medium 4.8
Argument Injection leading to arbitrary process termination in gotop
cjbassi/gotop is vulnerable to local argument injection via process termination functionality. The process name is passed directly to pkill without sanitization. A local attacker can create a process with a crafted name beginning with -- (e.g. containing a ta…
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High 8.2
Argument injection in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server allows arbitrary host file creation, overwrite, and truncation outside the intended workspace
An argument injection issue in the diff scan operation in AWS security-agent-mcp-server before version 0.2.0 might allow context-dependent threat actors to create, overwrite, or truncate arbitrary files on the host outside the intended workspace directory via…
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Medium 6.5
AWS EFS CSI Driver Mount Option Injection via mounttargetipmap
Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in the volume handling component in AWS EFS CSI Driver (aws-efs-csi-driver) v3.1.0 through v3.4.2 might allow remote authenticated users with PersistentVolume creation permissions to inject arbitrary mount option…
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Medium 5.4
JupyterLab: Argument injection in JupyterLab extension uninstall exposes server-readable files and internal URLs
JupyterLab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. From JupyterLab 4.0.0 until 4.5.11 and 4.6.4, the PyPI Extension Manager uninstall request reaches ExtensionHandler.post, which val…
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High 8.1CVE-2026-102827 Public exploit
simple-git: unsafe-operations plugin bypass via git long-option abbreviation (--receive-p/--exe) -> command execution (residual of CVE-2026-28291)
simple-git, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, enables applications to execute Git operations from JavaScript. Prior to 4.0.0, the default blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin compares parsed option names with literal dangerous option sp…
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High 8.5
Weblate: Mercurial argument injection via repository filenames allows authenticated command execution
Weblate is a web-based continuous localization platform used to manage software translations. Weblate 4.11.1 through 2026.7.1 contains an argument-injection vulnerability in its Mercurial backend. Repository filenames beginning with - could be interpreted as …
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Critical 9.1
Froxlor before 2.3.12 Command Injection via letsencryptchallengepath
Froxlor before 2.3.12 does not restrict or escape the system.letsencryptchallengepath setting: unlike sibling settings hardened in GHSA-33mp, the field has no string_regexp or required_otp guard, and its value is concatenated unescaped into the acme.sh comman…
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High 7.8
OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Remote Code Execution via CLOUDSDK_PYTHON_ARGS
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.28 and < 2026.8.1 allow an untrusted workspace .env file to set the CLOUDSDK_PYTHON_ARGS environment variable. When an operator starts OpenClaw in attacker-controlled workspace content and then runs the Gma…
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High 8.0
OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 Authentication Bypass via Exec Wrapper
OpenClaw (npm package 'openclaw') versions >= 2026.3.22 and < 2026.8.1 contain an approval-bypass flaw in the exec approval policy: the policy could trust a command-running wrapper without inspecting the command carried in its arguments. After an operator all…
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High 8.4
CliInvoke: Argument Injection in Extensibility Runner Factory
CliInvoke and its formerly named `AlastairLundy.CliInvoke` package are .NET libraries for invoking command-line programs and wrapping executable processes. `CliInvoke` versions 2.0.0 through 2.8.4, 2.9.0 through 2.9.3, 2.10.0 through 2.10.4, and 3.0.0-alpha.1…
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Critical 9.4
Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel 6.11.2-10794 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrar…
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Medium 6.6
Automation-controller: automation-controller: systemjob extra_vars.days argument injection into uncontainerized control-plane awx-manage process
An argument-injection flaw was found in the Ansible Automation Platform automation-controller system-job subsystem. The system-job template launch endpoint stores a user-supplied "days" variable without running the integer validation defined elsewhere for tha…
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Critical 9.9
Automation-controller: automation-controller-container: automation-controller: project scm_url argument injection into `git ls-remote --upload-pack` yields rce on the controller-task control-plane pod
A flaw was found in Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform's automation- controller. The Project scm_url field is not validated against values that begin with a dash and is stored and passed verbatim to the git SCM module. Because the module runs git ls-remote w…
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Low 3.1
Automation-controller: automation-controller-container: automation-controller: ad-hoc command limit field allows cli argument injection into ansible executable
RunAdHocCommand.build_args() appends limit as bare positional (args.append(limit)) instead of using args.extend(['-l', limit]) like RunJob. A limit beginning with - is parsed as an ansible CLI option. Currently limited to short-circuit flags (--version, --hel…
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Low 3.1
Automation-controller: automation-controller-container: automation-controller: schedule and workflowjobtemplatenode scm_branch prompt bypasses leading-dash git-argument guard
LaunchConfigurationBaseSerializer.scm_branch has no validate_scm_branch() leading-dash check, unlike Project/JobTemplate/JobLaunch serializers. Schedule and WFJT Node accept --upload-pack=/bin/id as scm_branch. Currently blocked at runtime by jobs.py:1502 Val…
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High 7.8
NetworkManager-l2tp Privilege Escalation via pppd Username Injection
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows local users with permission to create VPN connections to execute arbitrary code as root by injecting pppd options through a crafted VPN username. At…
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Medium 4.4
In Proxmox pmg-api, an argument injection vulnerability exists in the package changelog retrieval functionality. This i…
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High 8.8
Privilege Escalation via Argument Injection in NetBackup Flex OS Shell
An authenticated, low-privileged user with access to the NetBackup Flex OS management shell could supply a specially crafted input to a privileged administrative command, causing it to execute arbitrary code with root-level permissions. Successful exploitatio…
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Critical 9.4
Browsertrix: Arbitrary Command Injection due to Improper Command Sanitization in Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors
Browsertrix is a high-fidelity, browser-based crawling service for web archiving that can be self-hosted or used through Webrecorder's hosted instance. From 1.15.0 until 1.22.8, Browsertrix improperly sanitizes Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors, allowing…
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High 7.8
NetworkManager-l2tp Privilege Escalation via pppd Plugin Injection
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows local users with VPN connection creation permissions to inject arbitrary pppd directives by supplying mru or mtu property values containing tr…
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Low 1.0
uniget: EDITOR Command Injection in uniget CLI
uniget is a universal installer and updater for (container) tools. Prior to 0.27.6, the hooks edit command in cmd/uniget/hooks.go parses UNIGET_EDITOR or EDITOR with strings.Split(editor, " ") and passes every space-delimited suffix as an argument to the sele…
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High 8.8
Appwrite < 2.0.0 Argument Injection via providerRootDirectory Parameter
Appwrite before 2.0.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with functions.write or sites.write permissions to execute arbitrary commands by injecting TAB characters into the providerRootDirectory parameter used to const…