Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
-
Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
-
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
1,385 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
Critical 9.8
Foundation Agents MetaGPT actionoutput_str_to_mapping Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Foundation Agents MetaGPT actionoutput_str_to_mapping Code Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foundation Agents MetaGPT. Authentication is not requir…
-
Critical 9.0
WordPress Event Tickets with Ticket Scanner plugin <= 2.8.5 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Vollstart Event Tickets with Ticket Scanner event-tickets-with-ticket-scanner allows Code Injection.This issue affects Event Tickets with Ticket Scanner: from n/a through <= 2.8.5.
-
Critical 9.1
WordPress Nelio AB Testing plugin <= 8.1.8 - Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Nelio Software Nelio AB Testing nelio-ab-testing allows Code Injection.This issue affects Nelio AB Testing: from n/a through <= 8.1.8.
-
Critical 9.7
5ire vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via ECharts
5ire is a cross-platform desktop artificial intelligence assistant and model context protocol client. Prior to version 0.15.3, an unsafe option parsing vulnerability in the ECharts Markdown plugin allows any user able to submit ECharts code blocks to execute …
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2026-23947 Public exploit
Orval MCP client is vulnerable to code injection via unsanitized x-enum-descriptions in enum generation
Orval generates type-safe JS clients (TypeScript) from any valid OpenAPI v3 or Swagger v2 specification. Versions prior to 7.19.0 until 8.0.2 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution in environments consuming generated clients. This issue is similar in natu…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-55423 Public exploit
A command injection vulnerability exists in the upnp_relay() function in multiple ipTIME router models because the cont…
-
Critical 9.7
Dive allows One-click Remote Code Execution through Deep Links for MCP Install
Dive is an open-source MCP Host Desktop Application that enables integration with function-calling LLMs. Prior to 0.13.0, crafted deeplink can install an attacker-controlled MCP server configuration without sufficient user confirmation and can lead to arbitra…
-
Critical 10.0
AVEVA Process Optimization Code Injection
The vulnerability, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated miscreant to achieve remote code execution under OS system privileges of “taoimr” service, potentially resulting in complete compromise of the model application server.
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-22686 Public exploit
Sandbox Escape via Host Error Prototype Chain in enclave-vm
Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.7.0, there is a critical sandbox escape vulnerability in enclave-vm that allows untrusted, sandboxed JavaScript code to execute arbitrary code in the host Node.js run…
-
Critical 9.6
Remote code execution in SAP Wily Introscope Enterprise Manager (WorkStation)
Due to the usage of vulnerable third party component in SAP Wily Introscope Enterprise Manager (WorkStation), an unauthenticated attacker could create a malicious JNLP (Java Network Launch Protocol) file accessible by a public facing URL. When a victim clicks…
-
Critical 9.1
Code Injection vulnerability in SAP S/4HANA (Private Cloud and On-Premise)
SAP S/4HANA (Private Cloud and On-Premise) allows an attacker with admin privileges to exploit a vulnerability in the function module exposed via RFC. This flaw enables the injection of arbitrary ABAP code/OS commands into the system, bypassing essential auth…
-
Critical 9.1
Code Injection vulnerability in SAP Landscape Transformation
SAP Landscape Transformation allows an attacker with admin privileges to exploit a vulnerability in the function module exposed via RFC. This flaw enables the injection of arbitrary ABAP code/OS commands into the system, bypassing essential authorization chec…
-
Critical 9.8
Salesforce Uni2TS has a Code Injection vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Salesforce Uni2TS on MacOS, Windows, Linux allows Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files.This issue affects Uni2TS: through 1.2.0.
-
Critical 9.3
AccessAlly < 3.3.2 Unauthenticated Arbitrary PHP Code Execution
AccessAlly WordPress plugin versions prior to 3.3.2 contain an unauthenticated arbitrary PHP code execution vulnerability in the Login Widget. The plugin processes the login_error parameter as PHP code, allowing an attacker to supply and execute arbitrary PHP…
-
Critical 10.0
n8n is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Arbitrary File Write
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. In versions 0.121.2 and below, an authenticated attacker may be able to execute malicious code using the n8n service. This could result in full compromise and can impact both self-hosted and n8n Cloud instan…
-
Critical 9.4
The snailjob component in RuoYi-Vue-Plus versions 5.5.1 and earlier, interface /snail-job/workflow/check-node-expressio…
-
Critical 9.8
JimuReport thru version 2.1.3 is vulnerable to remote code execution when processing user-controlled H2 JDBC URLs. The …
-
Critical 9.8
JD Cloud NAS routers AX1800 (4.3.1.r4308 and earlier), AX3000 (4.3.1.r4318 and earlier), AX6600 (4.5.1.r4533 and earlie…
-
Critical 9.9
WordPress IF AS Shortcode plugin <= 1.2 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in Mohammad I. Okfie IF AS Shortcode if-as-shortcode allows Code Injection.This issue affects IF AS Shortcode: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
Critical 9.3
1-click Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in Eigent
Eigent is a multi-agent Workforce. In version 0.0.60, a 1-click Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability has been identified in Eigent. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim's machine or server through a specific inter…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-13773 Scanner template
Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce <= 5.8.0 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
The Print Invoice & Delivery Notes for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.8.0 via the 'WooCommerce_Delivery_Notes::update' function. This is due to missing capability check in the 'W…
-
Critical 9.7
Dive has Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability that can escalate to Remote Code Execution
Dive is an open-source MCP Host Desktop Application that enables integration with function-calling LLMs. A critical Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in versions prior to 0.11.1 in the Mermaid diagram rendering component. The application …
-
Critical 9.3CVE-2025-34433 Public exploit
AVideo < 20.1 Unauthenticated RCE via Predictable Installation Salt
AVideo versions 14.3.1 prior to 20.1 contain an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability caused by predictable generation of an installation salt using PHP uniqid(). The installation timestamp is exposed via a public endpoint, and a derived hash id…
-
Critical 9.8
An issue in GT Edge AI Community Edition Versions before v2.0.12 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via injecti…
-
Critical 10.0
Azure Container Apps Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper control of generation of code ('code injection') in Azure Container Apps allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
-
Critical 9.1
WordPress Hotel Booking Lite plugin <= 5.2.3 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in jetmonsters Hotel Booking Lite motopress-hotel-booking-lite allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects Hotel Booking Lite: from n/a through <= 5.2.3.
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2025-62521 Public exploit
ChurchCRM has unauthenticated RCE in its Install Wizard
ChurchCRM is an open-source church management system. Prior to version 5.21.0, a pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability in ChurchCRM's setup wizard allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary PHP code during the initial installation p…
-
Critical 9.9
Pagekit CMS is vulnerable to OS Command Injection via Storage component
An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /storage/poc.php component of Pagekit CMS v1.0.18 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted PHP file.
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2025-46295 Public exploit
Apache Commons Text versions prior to 1.10.0 included interpolation features that could be abused when applications pas…
-
Critical 10.0
A remote code execution issue exists in HPE OneView.
KEV Jan 7, 2026 -
Critical 9.7
Mermaid XSS vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution
DeepChat is an open-source artificial intelligence agent platform that unifies models, tools, and agents. Prior to version 0.5.3, a security vulnerability exists in the Mermaid diagram rendering component that allows arbitrary JavaScript execution. Due to the…
-
Critical 9.8
MineAdmin has an insecure default password
Insecure permissions in the scheduled tasks feature of MineAdmin v3.x allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands and execute a full account takeover.
-
Critical 9.1CVE-2025-13780 Public exploit
Remote Code Execution vulnerability when restoring PLAIN-format SQL dumps in server mode (pgAdmin 4)
pgAdmin versions up to 9.10 are affected by a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability that occurs when running in server mode and performing restores from PLAIN-format dump files. This issue allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the s…
-
Critical 9.8
Aqara Hub devices including Camera Hub G3 4.1.9_0027, Hub M2 4.3.6_0027, and Hub M3 4.3.6_0025 contain an undocumented …
-
Critical 9.8
@vitejs/plugin-rsc Remote Code Execution through unsafe dynamic imports in RSC server function APIs on development server
@vitejs/plugin-rs provides React Server Components (RSC) support for Vite. Versions 0.5.5 and below are vulnerable to arbitrary remote code execution on the development server through unsafe dynamic imports in server function APIs (loadServerAction, decodeRep…
-
Critical 9.8
JIT miscompilation in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component
JIT miscompilation in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 146, Firefox ESR 115.31, Firefox ESR 140.6, Thunderbird 146, and Thunderbird 140.6.
-
Critical 9.9
Code Injection vulnerability in SAP Solution Manager
Due to missing input sanitation, SAP Solution Manager allows an authenticated attacker to insert malicious code when calling a remote-enabled function module. This could provide the attacker with full control of the system hence leading to high impact on conf…
-
Critical 9.7
DeepChat's Incomplete XSS Fix Allows RCE through Mermaid Content
DeepChat is an open-source AI chat platform that supports cloud models and LLMs. Versions 0.5.1 and below are vulnerable to XSS attacks through improperly sanitized Mermaid content. The recent security patch for MermaidArtifact.vue is insufficient and can be …
-
Critical 9.7
DeepChat Cross-Site Scripting(XSS) escalate to Remote Code Execution(RCE)
DeepChat is a smart assistant uses artificial intelligence. In 0.5.0 and earlier, there is a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Mermaid diagram renderer allows an attacker to execute arbitrary JavaScript within the application context. By …
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2024-32641 EPSS 13%
Masa CMS Vulnerable to Pre-Auth RCE via JSON API
Masa CMS is an open source Enterprise Content Management platform. Masa CMS versions prior to 7.2.8, 7.3.13, and 7.4.6 are vulnerable to remote code execution. The vulnerability exists in the addParam function, which accepts user input via the criteria parame…