Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
1,385 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
QWED-MCP: Unsafe SymPy `parse_expr()` Remote Code Execution via Unsanitized Math Expression Input
QWED-MCP is a deterministic verification gateway for MCP. Prior to 0.2.1, verify_math_expression() in src/qwed_mcp/engines/math_engine.py passes attacker-controlled expression and claimed_result strings directly to SymPy's parse_expr() after only normalizing …
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Critical 9.4
WatchGuard Agent path traversal allows unauthenticated remote code execution
A path traversal vulnerability in WatchGuard Agent allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code on an affected system.
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Critical 9.8
Apache Hive: SQL Injection vulnerability in HiveMetaStore partition-name direct-SQL paths
SQL injection in Hive Metastore direct SQL partition-name resolution in Apache Hive before 4.2.1 on all platforms allows authenticated users with access to Hive Metastore APIs to read, modify, or affect unintended partition metadata (including statistics upda…
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Critical 9.8
GitPython before 3.1.59 Remote Code Execution via Config Injection
GitPython before 3.1.59 fails to safely re-serialize multi-line git-config values during write operations, corrupting dormant quoted values into injected directives like core.hooksPath. Attackers can craft config files with embedded newlines that become live …
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Critical 9.4
Combodo iTop: Remote code execution using external auth variable value
Combodo iTop is a web-based IT service management tool. Prior to 3.2.3, unauthenticated users could delete the .readonly file on iTop instances, leading to code execution. This file, created during the setup process, prevents users from performing write actio…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in libtiff 85f2ac8e0b01cb7db2bbecf4a3b891bdbef67938 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the proce…
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution via image element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution via image element in Fabrik < 4.7.2.
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Critical 9.5
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The onUpdateComment endpoint did not perform any access checks.
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated remote code execution via PHP form element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated remote code execution via PHP form element in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The PHP form element is vulnerable to the execution of user provided codes.
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects through evaluateTransformE…
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, the src/jsonata.js environment.lookup function used a bypassable hasOwnProperty check. Crafted expressions could use $hasOwnProperty, $spread, $string, prototype access, and $const…
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.0, the src/functions.js lookup function lacked an Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty check and allowed crafted expressions to access inherited prototype members. An attacker able to supp…
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Critical 9.2
Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI lead to RCE)
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. In 5.15.0 and earlier, resolveFilter in phalcon/Mvc/View/Engine/Volt/Compiler.zep builds the join filter by inserting the raw separator and array token values into generated PHP without passing them thr…
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Critical 9.0
Omnigent: Shared Agent Bundle Overwrite Leads to Authenticated Runner RCE
Omnigent is an open-source AI agent framework and meta-harness for orchestrating coding agents. Prior to 0.3.0, PUT /sessions/{session_id}/agent checks LEVEL_EDIT permission for a session but does not reject a bound shared or template agent whose agent.sessio…
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Critical 9.8
SPIP before 4.4.21 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, as exploited in the wild in Augus…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-77647 Public exploit
SPIP before 4.4.20 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, as exploited in the wild in Augus…
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Critical 9.9
WordPress Query Wrangler plugin <= 1.5.57 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Subscriber Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Query Wrangler <= 1.5.57 versions.
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Critical 9.3
Orval: RCE via servers[].url -> unescaped request-URL template literal (with getBaseUrlFromSpecification)
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, an unescaped backtick in servers[0].url is emitted into request URL template literals generated when output.baseUrl.getBaseUrlFromSpecif…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via schema default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a schema default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation wit…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation with…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via query parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod cli
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a double quote in a query parameter name is emitted into the generated request-validation zod.object({...}) schema without safe encoding…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generatio…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via header parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod client
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a double quote in a header parameter name is emitted into the generated request-validation zod.object({...}) schema without safe encodin…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via header-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a header parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema gene…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: RCE via OpenAPI path -> unescaped request-URL template literal (backtick breakout)
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, an unescaped backtick in an OpenAPI path is emitted into request URL template literals generated for axios, fetch, react-query, and SWR …
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Critical 9.0
A remote unauthorized attacker with network access via port 4307/TCP to the TrueConf server versions 5.3.X to 5.3.9, 5.…
KEV Aug 20, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
Ground Station: Unauthenticated arbitrary file write (path traversal) in save-waterfall-snapshot leads to remote code execution
Ground Station is a browser-based suite for satellite tracking, SDR reception, hardware control, and telemetry decoding. Prior to version 0.4.13, the unauthenticated save-waterfall-snapshot Socket.IO command passes attacker-controlled snapshotName input from …
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Critical 9.4
MyBooks: Remote Code Execution via SOCIAL_AUTH Key Name Injection in Python Config File
MyBooks is an enhanced and easy-to-use personal ebook management web server also known as Talebook. In 3.41.2 and earlier, the AdminSettings.post handler in webserver/handlers/admin.py accepts SOCIAL_AUTH key names without validating quotes or newline charact…
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Pre-auth PHP Code Injection in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.2
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Pre-auth PHP Code Injection in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.2 - The form's optional custom-PHP post-submission handler is executed via eval(). The [URL parameter = X] shortcode is substituted with the raw, unescaped value of a query …
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Critical 9.0
Broken Link Checker < 2.4.12 - Unauthenticated RCE via Query Variable Injection
The Broken Link Checker WordPress plugin before 2.4.12 does not limit which query variables it accepts from user input on sites using plain permalinks, allowing unauthenticated users to overwrite arbitrary PHP global variables, and to execute arbitrary code o…
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Critical 9.8
MyBB: Installer database configuration RCE
MyBB is free and open source forum software. From 1.8.13 until 1.8.40, the installer module does not properly escape user-supplied database configuration values written to the configuration file, resulting in PHP code injection and remote code execution when …
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Critical 10.0
WordPress WP Compress plugin < 7.20.01 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in WP Compress < 7.20.01 versions.
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Critical 9.9
WordPress Cwicly plugin <= 1.4.4 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Contributor Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Cwicly <= 1.4.4 versions.
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Critical 9.4
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.2 before 18.11.11, 19.0 before 19.0.8, 19.1 before 19.1.6, and 19.2 before 19.2.4 that under certain conditions could allow an unauthenticated user to remotely modify or delete publ…
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Unauthenticated RCE through unverified reflected user input in Sourcerer < 16.0.0
Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Unauthenticated RCE through unverified reflected user input in Sourcerer < 16.0.0 - Regular Labs Sourcerer before 16.0.0 processes {source} blocks found in Joomla’s final rendered HTML without reliably determining where th…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Squirro Cognitive Search < 3.14.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload …
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Critical 9.8
An issue in JeecgBoot v.3.9.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the files Parameter in JeecgBoot A…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in PbootCMS v.3.2.15 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the MemberController.php, UserController…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-67919 Public exploit
An issue in Halo 2.25.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the PluginEndpoint.java, installFromUri …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-38165 Public exploit
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the Velocity template engine configuration of xdocreport v0.9.…