Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
1,073 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Low 3.5
code-projects Online Shopping System checkout.php cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in code-projects Online Shopping System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /checkout.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument amount_1 results in cross site scripting. The attack can…
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Low 3.5
code-projects Online Food Order System edit_food_items.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in code-projects Online Food Order System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file edit_food_items.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument dname results in cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of th…
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Online Book Store System System Settings index.php site_settings cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Online Book Store System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/index.php?page=site_settings of the component System Settings Module. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. The at…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Photo Share Website Comment Input Box ajax.php save_upload cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Photo Share Website 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /social/ajax.php?action=save_upload of the component Comment Input Box. The manipulation of the argument content leads to cross site scripting. …
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Photo Share Website index.php home cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Photo Share Website 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /social/index.php?page=home. This manipulation of the argument Comment causes cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. …
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Low 2.4
PHPGurukul Company Visitor Management System manage-newvisitors.php cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in PHPGurukul Company Visitor Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /manage-newvisitors.php. The manipulation of the argument fullname leads to cross site scripting. The attack…
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Low 2.4
DataGear Chart Name HtmlTplDashboardWidgetHtmlRenderer.java HtmlTplDashboardWidgetHtmlRenderer cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in DataGear up to 5.0.0. The impacted element is the function HtmlTplDashboardWidgetHtmlRenderer of the file HtmlTplDashboardWidgetHtmlRenderer.java of the component Chart Name Handler. This manipulation of the argument Title ca…
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Low 3.1
OpenAkita File Upload API upload cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in OpenAkita up to 1.27.12. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /api/upload of the component File Upload API. The manipulation of the argument File results in cross site scripting. The attack may be performe…
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Low 2.4
Pluck CMS Albums albums.admin.php htmlspecialchars_decode cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in Pluck CMS up to 4.7.21. This vulnerability affects the function htmlspecialchars_decode of the file data/modules/albums/albums.admin.php of the component Albums Module. Executing a manipulation of the argument Info can lead t…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System forCYS.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /forCYS.php. Such manipulation of the argument course leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be per…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System CYS.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /CYS.php. This manipulation of the argument course causes cross site scripting. The attack is possib…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System forexam.php cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /forexam.php. The manipulation of the argument day results in cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remot…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System schoolyr.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /schoolyr.php. The manipulation of the argument sy leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to initia…
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Low 3.5
AstrBotDevs AstrBot T2I Feature base.py NetworkRenderStrategy.render cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in AstrBotDevs AstrBot up to 4.25.2. Affected by this issue is the function Star.text_to_image/NetworkRenderStrategy.render of the file astrbot/core/star/base.py of the component T2I Feature. The manipulation leads t…
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Low 3.5
code-projects Online Job Portal DetailJob.php cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in code-projects Online Job Portal 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /Admin/DetailJob.php. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploi…
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Online Book Store System User Management cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Online Book Store System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the component User Management Module. Such manipulation of the argument Name/Username leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be…
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Low 3.5
vnotex vnote YAML Frontmatter markdownit.js cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in vnotex vnote up to 3.20.1. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /src/data/extra/web/js/markdownit.js of the component YAML Frontmatter. This manipulation of the argument p_metaData causes cross site scripting. The atta…
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Low 3.5
Akpali9 Attendance-Management-System absent.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Akpali9 Attendance-Management-System up to 70b91fe38f4195b701a45f0edcd4f42d5f64aeee. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file absent.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument export_date results in cross site…
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Low 2.4
MyEMS Admin Backend svg.py on_post cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in MyEMS up to 6.4.0. The affected element is the function on_post of the file myems-api/core/svg.py of the component Admin Backend. The manipulation of the argument new_values['data'] results in cross site scripting. The attack can …
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Low 3.5
NousResearch hermes-agent Matrix Adapter matrix.py MatrixAdapter._markdown_to_html cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 2026.5.29.2. Affected by this issue is the function MatrixAdapter._markdown_to_html of the file gateway/platforms/matrix.py of the component Matrix Adapter. Such manipulation leads to cross sit…
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Low 2.1
LiteLLM: Custom Code Guardrails production endpoints bypass code safety checks
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. Prior to 1.82.0-stable, LiteLLM's Custom Code Guardrails production create and update paths did not apply the same sandboxing and validation used by the test endpoint, allow…
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Low 3.5
crater-invoice-inc crater Invoice Note InvoicesRequest.php getFormattedString cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in crater-invoice-inc crater up to 6.0.6. This affects the function getFormattedString of the file app/Http/Requests/InvoicesRequest.php of the component Invoice Note Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument notes can l…
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Low 3.5
mjperpinosa stumasy add_into_dictionary.php add_definition cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in mjperpinosa stumasy up to 327d1b0f2915ba79d7ef8ebb74553e987609d9be. This affects the function add_definition of the file application/PHP/objects/notes/add_into_dictionary.php. Such manipulation of the argument ref…
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Low 2.4
code-projects Assessment Management view-users.php cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Assessment Management 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file admin/view-users.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument User can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be…
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Inventory Management System User Registration Endpoint users_handler.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Inventory Management System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /api/users_handler.php of the component User Registration Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument full_name results in cros…
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Low 3.5
CodeAstro Complaint Management System Report addreport cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in CodeAstro Complaint Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /report/addreport of the component Report Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Report Title results in cross…
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Low 3.5
code-projects Project Management System Mail Compose mail.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Project Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /mail.php of the component Mail Compose Page. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from …
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Low 2.4
Intelliants Subrion CMS Blocks Endpoint cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in Intelliants Subrion CMS up to 4.0.3. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Blocks Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument CSS class name leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be lau…
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Low 3.5
CodeAstro Human Resource Management System Projects Management Add_Projects cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in CodeAstro Human Resource Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /Projects/Add_Projects of the component Projects Management Page. The manipulation of the argument protitle results in cross site s…
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Low 3.5
CodeAstro Human Resource Management System Dashboard add_tod cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in CodeAstro Human Resource Management System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /dashboard/add_tod of the component Dashboard Interface. The manipulation of the argument todo_data leads to cro…
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Low 3.5
imvks786 student_management_system add.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in imvks786 student_management_system up to 9599b560ad3c3b83e75d328b76bedcd489ef1f46. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /add.php. The manipulation of the argument name/address/fname results in cross …
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Inventory System header.php cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Inventory System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file header.php. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has …
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Low 2.4
CodeAstro Human Resource Management System Notice Board Management All_notice cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in CodeAstro Human Resource Management System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /notice/All_notice of the component Notice Board Management. Such manipulation of the argument Notice Title with the input <svg onloa…
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Hospitals Patient Records Management System page room_types cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Hospitals Patient Records Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/?page=room_types. Performing a manipulation of the argument room results in cross site scripting. The…
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Low 2.4
FluentCMS Blocks Plugin blocks cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in FluentCMS 0.0.5. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /admin/blocks of the component Blocks Plugin. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been …
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Ship Ferry Ticket Reservation System manage_user cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Ship Ferry Ticket Reservation System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /admin/?page=user/manage_user. The manipulation of the argument Username leads to cross site scripting. It is po…
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Low 3.5
1Panel-dev CordysCRM ModuleFormController ModuleFormService.java save cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in 1Panel-dev CordysCRM up to 1.4.1. This impacts the function Save of the file src/main/java/cn/cordys/crm/system/service/ModuleFormService.java of the component ModuleFormController. The manipulation of the argumen…
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Low 2.4
westboy CicadasCMS Task Scheduling Management ScheduleJobController.java cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in westboy CicadasCMS up to 2431154dac8d0735e04f1fd2a3c3556668fc8dab. Impacted is an unknown function of the file src/main/java/com/zhiliao/module/web/system/ScheduleJobController.java of the component Task Scheduling Management…
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Low 2.4
1Panel-dev CordysCRM RequestParamTrimConfig.java cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in 1Panel-dev CordysCRM up to 1.6.2. This affects an unknown function of the file backend/framework/src/main/java/cn/cordys/config/RequestParamTrimConfig.java. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. Remote exploitation …
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Low 3.5
SourceCodester Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System main create_generic_name cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This vulnerability affects the function create_generic_name of the file /ShowForm/create_generic_name/main. The manipulation of the argument generic_name results in cross sit…