Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
1,025 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 4.3
opensource-socialnetwork Cache Settings dynamic.php input code injection
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 4.3
subhajitkhan online-clinic-management-system Doctor Registration doctorregistration.php echo cross site scripting
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Medium 6.3
LlamaChinese Llama-Chinese Adapter Config chat_gradio_no_merge.py get_class_from_dynamic_module code injection
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Medium 6.3
RVC-Project Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI webui.py change_info_ code injection
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 4.3
AUTOMATIC1111 stable-diffusion-webui Extra-Networks Card Builder sd_models.py read_metadata_from_safetensors cross site scripting
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Medium 6.3
AUTOMATIC1111 stable-diffusion-webui Model Instantiation sd_models.py get_obj_from_str code injection
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Medium 4.3
AUTOMATIC1111 stable-diffusion-webui Card Builder ui_extra_networks.py create_item_html cross site scripting
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.4
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Medium 5.4
User Registration & Membership <= 5.2.8 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via display_name
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 6.5
Forminator Forms <= 1.58.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via 'User-Agent' Header and 'referer_url' Parameter via Quiz Notification Merge Tags
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 4.8
Popup Box 6.4.1 - 6.4.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via Client-IP / X-Forwarded-For HTTP Headers
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Medium 5.3
Ultralytics FastSAM AutoBackend Model Loading autobackend.py session.get_modelmeta.custom_metadata_map eval injection
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Medium 4.8
ImprintLab Medical-SAM-Adapter AutoBackend Model Loading autobackend.py session.get_modelmeta.custom_metadata_map eval injection
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Medium 6.5
WordPress Broken Link Checker plugin <= 2.4.14.1 - Content Injection vulnerability
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 6.3
PaddlePaddle PaddleX Preprocessor processors.py NormalizeImage.__init__ code injection
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 5.3
iMoonLab yolov13 AutoBackend Model Loading autobackend.py eval code injection
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Medium 4.8
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Medium 5.3
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