Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,295 results · Feed
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Medium 5.4
WP Ultimate Review <= 2.4.3 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via 'xs_reviw_summery' Parameter
The The WP Ultimate Review plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.3. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running …
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Medium 6.5
All in One SEO <= 5.0.2 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via 's' Search Query Parameter
The The All in One SEO – AI SEO Plugin to Boost SEO Rankings & Traffic (Schema, Local SEO, Sitemap & SEO Insights) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.0.2 This is due to the software allo…
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High 8.8
Paid Membership Plugin, Ecommerce, User Registration Form, Login Form, User Profile & Restrict Content <= 4.17.4 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Sensitive Information Exposure via Shortcode Injection via Nickname and Biographical Info Profile Fields
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High 8.8CVE-2026-104851 Public exploit
fsspec: Server-Side Template Injection in ReferenceFileSystem leads to Remote Code Execution
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Critical 9.5CVE-2026-104849 Public exploit
Tinypool: Prototype Pollution Gadget to RCE in run() options
Tinypool is a minimal Node.js worker thread pool implementation. Prior to 2.1.2, Tinypool reads filename from a caller-supplied options object in pool.run(task, options) without requiring an own property, so a polluted Object.prototype.filename can replace th…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Student Result Management System Announcement new_announcement.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Student Result Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file script/academic/core/new_announcement.php of the component Announcement Module. The manipulation of the argument title/announcement resu…
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High 7.2
Ghost from 6.10.3 before 6.64.0 RCE via Theme Translation Files
Ghost from 6.10.3 before 6.64.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated administrators to run code by abusing theme translation file loading. Attackers with administrator access can upload a crafted theme containing malicious …
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High 7.2
CTX Feed Pro <= 7.6.12 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Remote Code Execution
The CTX Feed Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Code Injection in all versions up to, and including, 7.6.12. This is due to insufficient input validation on the 'Feed Config' field which is passed directly to the eval() function. This makes it possible…
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Critical 9.8
FinRobot 1.0.0 contains code injection in CodingUtils.create_file_with_code ().
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High 7.3
FinRobot v1.0.0 is vulnerable to Code Injection in CodingUtils.modify_code.
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Critical 9.8
sinaptik-ai pandas-ai 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Code Injection in CodeExecutor.execute.
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Critical 9.8
agentscope v1.0.20 contains code injection in execute_shell_command (src/agentscope/tool/_coding/_shell.py). Depending …
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Critical 9.8
vanna v2.0.2 contains a code injection vulnerability in VannaBase.get_plotly_figure (src/vanna/legacy/base/base.py). De…
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Medium 6.5
NetBox Device Type Library: Arbitrary Code Execution on CI Runner Through Malicious requirements.txt, .pre-commit-hooks-config.yaml, and .gitmodules Files
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High 8.8
Foreman: foreman: arbitrary code execution via safemode sandbox bypass
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Low 3.5
rhukster dom-sanitizer URL Validation DOMSanitizer.php isDangerousUrl cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in rhukster dom-sanitizer up to 1.0.15. Impacted is the function DOMSanitizer::isDangerousUrl of the file src/DOMSanitizer.php of the component URL Validation. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-92966 Public exploit
Appointment Booking Plugin <= 5.7.0 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via First/Last Name Field
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Critical 9.8
Langflow: Title Authenticated Remote Code Execution in validate_code via Malicious Decorators Description
langflow-ai langflow v1.9.3 is affected by: Code Injection. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The component is: src/backend/base/langflow/api/v1/validate.py:validate-post_validate_code-a-real-authenticated-http-post-to-api-v1. The attack vector …
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Critical 9.8
deeptutor 1.4.0 contains code injection in ExecTool.execute. Through the live tutorbot WebSocket interface, a remote ca…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway Remote Code Execution
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway did not sufficiently validate the content of an uploaded backup, and allowed an administrator to influence how the application loaded it. An authenticated administrator could potentially use this to execute arbitrary code on…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway rejected certain configuration settings, but its validation did not recognize every form in which they could be supplied. An authenticated administrator could potentially use an unrecognized form to have a file of their choo…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway remote code execution
Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway before version 9.5.0 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. Kiteworks Email Protection Gateway allowed an authenticated administrator to import configuration whose contents were not sufficiently validated before being proce…
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High 8.7
Taskcluster: Unauthenticated remote code execution in `web-server` via GraphQL `filter` argument (sift `$where`)
Taskcluster is the task execution framework that supports Mozilla's continuous integration and release processes. Prior to version 100.3.0, Taskcluster is vulnerable to unauthenticated RCE on Taskcluster deployments with an anonymous role that exposes the Gra…
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Critical 10.0
Kobako Vulnerable to Sandbox Escape: guest eval reaches host RCE via method_missing → public_send (any bound Service)
Kobako is a Ruby gem that embeds a Wasm-isolated mruby interpreter inside applications, allowing execution of untrusted Ruby scripts (LLM-generated code, user formulas, student submissions, third-party plugins) in-process without giving them access to host me…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-96349 Public exploit
WordPress SiteSkite plugin <= 2.1.8 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in SiteSkite <= 2.1.8 versions.
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Critical 9.0
WordPress AcyMailing SMTP Newsletter plugin <= 11.0.5 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in AcyMailing SMTP Newsletter <= 11.0.5 versions.
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Medium 4.3
gedelumbung HospitalManagement Guest Book buku_tamu.php kirim cross site scripting
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Critical 9.8
Devika v1.0 is vulnerable to Code Injection in the Runner.execute function in src/agents/runner/runner.py which allows …
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Critical 9.8
In camel-ai camel 0.2.91a1, v0.2.91a2 and v0.2.91a3, CodeExecutionToolkit can run model-produced Python code through Su…
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Critical 9.8
In DB-GPT 0.7.5 and 0.8.0, a skill uploaded through the real /api/v1/skills/upload route can later be executed through …
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Critical 9.8
In agentscope 1.0.18, 1.0.19, and 1.0.19 when the RealtimeAgent session exposes execute_python_code as an available too…
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Critical 9.8
Devika v1.0 is vulnerable to Code Injection via the Runner.run_code function in src/agents/runner/runner.py.
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Critical 9.8
bisheng 2.3.0, 2.4.0, and 2.4.0-beta1 is vulnerable to Code Injection in src/backend/bisheng/api/v1/validate.py.
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Critical 9.8
In camel-ai camel 0.2.91a1, v0.2.91a2 and v0.2.91a3, TerminalToolkit.shell_exec allows prompt-driven shell command exec…
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Critical 9.2
Fireware OS Code Injection in BOVPN Over TLS Client Allows Remote Code Execution
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Medium 6.8
JupyterLab: Cross-site scripting (XSS) in JupyterLab via crafted language package (jupyterlab.json)
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Critical 9.5CVE-2026-102425 Public exploit
Joomla Extension - balbooa.com - Unauthenticated RCE via field shortcode injection in Balbooa Forms < 2.4.3.4
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Critical 9.9
Code Injection vulnerability affecting GEOVIA Geospatial Data Manager from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2026x
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Medium 4.3
coolbeans1212 MateisHomePage-Website users.php cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in coolbeans1212 MateisHomePage-Website up to ea2a4226deeca27ab1fb9df0552ec76444547811. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file users.php. This manipulation of the argument Search causes cross site scripting. The…
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Low 3.5
CodeCanyon Rocket LMS Student Profile Image Upload cross site scripting
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