Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
-
Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
-
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
-
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,295 results · Feed
-
Medium 6.3
DbGate JSON Runner runners.js code injection
A flaw has been found in DbGate up to 7.2.5-beta.5. This affects an unknown function of the file packages/api/src/controllers/runners.js of the component JSON Runner. Executing a manipulation of the argument comment.text/script.schedule can lead to code injec…
-
Medium 4.3
Excalidraw Imported File restore.ts cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Excalidraw up to 0.18.1. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file packages/excalidraw/data/restore.ts of the component Imported File Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument customData.generationData.ht…
-
High 7.5
PaperCut NG/MF: Remote Code Execution via Scripting Subsystem
A vulnerability exists in the PaperCut NG/MF platform's device-scripting functionality due to insufficient sanitization and access restrictions within the embedded execution engine. An authenticated user with administrative access to the management interface …
-
Low 3.5
huanzi-qch base-admin Add User CommonController.java save cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in huanzi-qch base-admin up to 52816b760cd53244989fd664bbb2b3d4edbfdbf1. This issue affects the function Save of the file base-admin-master\src\main\java\cn\huanzi\qch\baseadmin\common\controller\CommonController.java of the com…
-
High 8.8
An issue in geelen mcp-remote 0.1.16 through 0.1.38 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the open() f…
-
Medium 4.3
SEMCMS KindEditor Upload upload_json.php cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in SEMCMS up to 4.2. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /Edit/php/upload_json.php of the component KindEditor Upload Interface. This manipulation of the argument imgFile causes cross site scripting. The atta…
-
Critical 9.9
OpenC3 COSMOS: Authenticated remote code execution via the user-writable config overlay (table definitions, cmd/tlm definitions, and script suites)
OpenC3 COSMOS provides the functionality needed to send commands to and receive data from one or more embedded systems. From 5.1.0 until 7.3.0, authenticated non-administrator users can write content under targets_modified/ that is later executed by multiple …
-
Critical 9.8
orval before 8.29.0 Code Injection via operationId
orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape the operationId parameter when emitting it into generated TanStack Query mutator options metadata objects. Attackers can inject arbitrary JavaScript code through a crafted operationId in an OpenAPI specification that execut…
-
Critical 9.8
orval @orval/core before 8.28.0 Code Injection via Form-Data
orval @orval/core before 8.28.0 contains a code injection vulnerability in the form-data serializer that fails to escape multipart property names in generated template literals. Attackers can inject ${...} expressions into OpenAPI schema property names that e…
-
Critical 9.8
orval before 8.29.0 Code Injection via unescaped OpenAPI media-type
orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape OpenAPI media-type keys when emitting them into single-quoted Content-Type string literals in generated code. Attackers can inject JavaScript through crafted media-type keys in OpenAPI specifications that executes when gene…
-
High 8.1
orval before 8.30.0 Code Injection via Factory Generation
orval versions before 8.30.0 contain a code injection vulnerability in the @orval/core factory generator that fails to escape date default values in new Date() calls. Attackers can inject arbitrary expressions through apostrophes in OpenAPI schema defaults to…
-
Critical 9.8
orval @orval/effect 8.14.0 through 8.28.1 Code Injection
orval versions 8.14.0 through 8.28.1 contain a code injection vulnerability in the @orval/effect generator that converts OpenAPI schema defaults into template literals. Attackers can inject arbitrary JavaScript expressions via schema defaults containing ${...…
-
Critical 9.8
orval @orval/hono before 8.29.0 Code Injection via OpenAPI Path
orval versions before 8.29.0 contain a code injection vulnerability in the @orval/hono generator that fails to escape OpenAPI path values in single-quoted route literals. Attackers can craft an OpenAPI document with an apostrophe in a static path segment to i…
-
High 7.8
Emacs: emacs: arbitrary code execution in flymake mode
A code execution flaw was found in Emacs, affecting versions prior to 31.2. The Flymake mode using language backends other than Lisp would execute arbitrary code from the edited file while performing syntax checking. Viewing or editing untrusted files using E…
-
Critical 9.0
YAHMAN Add-ons < 0.9.31 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload via Blog Card Cache
The YAHMAN Add-ons WordPress plugin before 0.9.31 does not validate the type of the remote files it caches in a publicly accessible directory, allowing unauthenticated attackers to write arbitrary PHP files on the server and achieve RCE when the relevant feat…
-
Medium 4.3
onSite internet GmbH Auktion NG Auktionssoftware Public Password Reset Endpoint forgotpasswd.html cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in onSite internet GmbH Auktion NG Auktionssoftware up to 20260722. This affects an unknown part of the file /forgotpasswd.html of the component Public Password Reset Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument email leads to cro…
-
Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Smart Attendance System with QR Code Scanner Self-Registration student_signup.php prepend cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Smart Attendance System with QR Code Scanner 1.0. This issue affects the function prepend of the file student_signup.php of the component Self-Registration. Performing a manipulation of the argument full_name result…
-
High 8.5
webpy web.py 0.76 is vulnerable to server-side template injection (SSTI). The template engine can be tricked into execu…
-
Critical 9.8
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper neutralization of user-controlled input within the new Function constructor.
-
High 8.3
MCP Atlassian: Incomplete path traversal fix allows intra-CWD module overwrite and RCE (bypass of CVE-2026-27825)
MCP Atlassian is a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for Atlassian products (Confluence and Jira). Prior to 0.22.0, validate_safe_path defaults its base directory to os.getcwd(), and affected Confluence attachment call sites omit base_dir, allowing attacker…
-
Low 3.5
dgtlmoon Changedetection.io Visual Selector visual-selector.js setCurrentSelectedText cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in dgtlmoon Changedetection.io up to 0.55.8. This issue affects the function setCurrentSelectedText of the file changedetectionio/static/js/visual-selector.js of the component Visual Selector. Executing a manipulation of the arg…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Critical 9.9
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. A low-privileged attacker could exploit this vulnerability…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') (CWE-94)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute ar…
-
Medium 4.3
mtrano APENCMS Template weasel.php eval code injection
A vulnerability was found in mtrano APENCMS up to 6546096d354153309693efabb9a0d824628ed4f5. The affected element is the function eval of the file cms/weasel.php of the component Template Engine. The manipulation of the argument $_CMS['site'] results in code i…
-
Medium 4.3
sfturing hosp_order Public Search Handlers HospitalController.java cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in sfturing hosp_order up to 627f426331da8086ce8fff2017d65b1ddef384f8. Affected is an unknown function of the file HospitalController.java of the component Public Search Handlers. The manipulation of the argument Search leads to…
-
High 8.1
WP Ultimate Review <= 2.4.2 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via 'xs_submit_review_data[xs_reviw_summery]' Parameter
The The WP Ultimate Review plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.2. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not properly validate a value before running …
-
Low 3.5
xuxueli xxl-job insert cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in xuxueli xxl-job up to 3.5.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /jobgroup/insert. This manipulation of the argument Name causes cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has …
-
Critical 9.4
In OpenStack Octavia before 18.0.1, the Amphora provider driver did not validate the listener and pool tls_ciphers fiel…
-
Critical 9.4
In OpenStack Octavia before 18.0.1, the Amphora provider driver did not reject control characters in the L7 policy redi…
-
High 8.4
MCP-for-Stata: Stata Command Injection via Unsanitized `package` in `ado_package_install`
MCP-for-Stata is a MCP server for integrating Stata into agent loops with a safety-first design. Prior to version 1.19.0, the ado_package_install MCP tool in stata-mcp concatenates user-controlled input directly into a Stata command string without any validat…
-
Low 2.4
Hyve5 Leantime Project Dashboard show.blade.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in Hyve5 Leantime up to 3.9.8. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /app/Domain/Dashboard/Templates/show.blade.php of the component Project Dashboard. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. …
-
Low 3.5
Hyve5 Leantime Kanban Board Tickets.php getAllGrouped cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in Hyve5 Leantime up to 3.9.8. Affected by this vulnerability is the function getAllGrouped of the file app/Domain/Tickets/Services/Tickets.php of the component Kanban Board. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. The attack is p…
-
Low 2.4
Omega Solution HRM OS SVG File Upload view cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in Omega Solution HRM OS up to 20260717. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /media/view/ of the component SVG File Upload. Performing a manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack may be in…
-
Low 3.5
xuxueli xxl-job Task Management JobInfoController.java cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in xuxueli xxl-job up to 3.4.2/3.5.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file xxl-job-admin/src/main/java/com/xxl/job/admin/business/controller/JobInfoController.java of the component Task Management Interface. The m…
-
Medium 4.7
RooCMS Frontend Rendering site_pagePHP.php eval code injection
A vulnerability has been found in RooCMS up to 1.2.2/1.3.4/1.4RC2. This impacts the function eval of the file roocms/site_pagePHP.php of the component Frontend Rendering. Such manipulation of the argument content leads to code injection. The attack can be lau…