Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,297 results · Feed
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High 7.8
Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an i…
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High 7.8
Trestle has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via Recursive Template Re-evaluation of Untrusted Data
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions before 3.12.4 and versions 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, Trestle is vulnerable to server-side template injection that can lead to remote code execut…
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Medium 4.3
code-projects Online Shopping System sumit_form.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Online Shopping System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/sumit_form.php. Such manipulation of the argument Success leads to cross site scripting. The attack may b…
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High 7.0
NVIDIA NemoClaw for Linux contains a vulnerability in its migration command, where a local attacker could cause code in…
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Medium 6.5
Code injection in Bisection in Google Chrome prior to 152.0.7977.65 allowed a remote attacker to obtain sensitive infor…
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High —
mcp-contextforge-gateway has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution in `PromptService._render_template` via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment
### Summary `mcpgateway.services.prompt_service.PromptService` renders user-supplied prompt templates using Jinja2's plain `Environment()` rather than `SandboxedEnvironment`. An authenticated user with permission to register or update prompt templates can sto…
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High 8.8
QWED: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Unsafe SymPy `parse_expr()`
QWED is open-source AI verification infrastructure for deterministic verification of LLM outputs, tool calls, code, schemas, and agent state before production execution. Prior to 5.1.2, the qwed package passes caller-controlled math expressions directly to Sy…
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Critical 9.8
QWED-MCP: Unsafe SymPy `parse_expr()` Remote Code Execution via Unsanitized Math Expression Input
QWED-MCP is a deterministic verification gateway for MCP. Prior to 0.2.1, verify_math_expression() in src/qwed_mcp/engines/math_engine.py passes attacker-controlled expression and claimed_result strings directly to SymPy's parse_expr() after only normalizing …
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Critical 9.4
WatchGuard Agent path traversal allows unauthenticated remote code execution
A path traversal vulnerability in WatchGuard Agent allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker on an adjacent network to execute arbitrary code on an affected system.
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Critical 9.8
Apache Hive: SQL Injection vulnerability in HiveMetaStore partition-name direct-SQL paths
SQL injection in Hive Metastore direct SQL partition-name resolution in Apache Hive before 4.2.1 on all platforms allows authenticated users with access to Hive Metastore APIs to read, modify, or affect unintended partition metadata (including statistics upda…
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High 7.3
cleverbrush framework/deep deepExtend.ts deepExtend prototype pollution
A vulnerability has been found in cleverbrush framework and deep up to 4.4.0. This impacts the function deepExtend of the file libs/deep/src/deepExtend.ts. The manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. Remote exp…
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Critical 9.8
GitPython before 3.1.59 Remote Code Execution via Config Injection
GitPython before 3.1.59 fails to safely re-serialize multi-line git-config values during write operations, corrupting dormant quoted values into injected directives like core.hooksPath. Attackers can craft config files with embedded newlines that become live …
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High 7.2
Adminer before 5.4.3 Remote Code Execution via SQLite VACUUM INTO
Adminer before 5.4.3 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in SQLite query handling where VACUUM INTO is not blocked despite ATTACH restrictions. Authenticated attackers can execute VACUUM INTO to write PHP code to arbitrary file paths and execute co…
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High 8.7
Combodo iTop: PHP Object Injection Leading to Remote Code Execution on user preferences
Combodo iTop is a web-based IT service management tool. Prior to 3.2.3, iTop is vulnerable to PHP object injection in the user preference functionality, which can lead to remote code execution. This issue has been fixed in version 3.2.3.
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Critical 9.4
Combodo iTop: Remote code execution using external auth variable value
Combodo iTop is a web-based IT service management tool. Prior to 3.2.3, unauthenticated users could delete the .readonly file on iTop instances, leading to code execution. This file, created during the setup process, prevents users from performing write actio…
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High 8.8
AzuraCast through 0.23.8 Liquidsoap Configuration Write via Profile Edit Serialization Group Bypass
AzuraCast exposes the Liquidsoap custom configuration fields through an endpoint that does not require the permission guarding them. The backend_config property in backend/src/Entity/Station.php is annotated with GROUP_GENERAL, and PUT /api/station/{station_i…
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High 7.0
Rpm: rpmbuild gettarspec() crafted tar member name → macro injection
A vulnerability was found in RPM's rpmbuild tarball processing. When processing a crafted source archive, the getTarSpec() function in tools/rpmbuild.cc passes an attacker-controlled tar archive member name to rpmExpand() as part of a %{basename:...} macro ex…
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High 8.8
Xinference through 2.11.0 Remote Code Execution via Hardcoded trust_remote_code in Model Loaders
Xinference loads models with Hugging Face remote code execution unconditionally enabled, and before version 2.12.0 exposes no setting to disable it. Six loader call sites pass trust_remote_code=True as a literal or as an unconditional default: RerankModel._ge…
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Low 3.1
Piwigo Public Authentication cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in Piwigo 16.3.0. This impacts an unknown function of the component Public Authentication Page. Such manipulation of the argument lang leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from remote. A high complexity lev…
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High 7.3
ractivejs ractive Keypath Ractive#set prototype pollution
A weakness has been identified in ractivejs ractive up to 1.4.4. Impacted is the function Ractive#set of the component Keypath Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack may be l…
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High 8.9
Velociraptor Analyst overwrites live built-in artifacts through verify()
The Velociraptor verify() VQL function allows a user to verify an artifact for syntatic and other issues. Due to an implementation fault in this VQL function, the global artifact repository is used which allows callers to overwrite existing artifacts without …
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High 7.3
alibaba-fusion next deepMerge index.tsx ConfigProvider.getContextProps prototype pollution
A security flaw has been discovered in alibaba-fusion next up to 1.27.34. This issue affects the function ConfigProvider.getContextProps of the file components/dialog/index.tsx of the component deepMerge. Performing a manipulation of the argument locale resul…
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Medium 6.3
rexrainbow phaser3-rex-notes BehaviorTree Blackboard Data SetValue.js SetValue prototype pollution
A vulnerability was identified in rexrainbow phaser3-rex-notes up to 1.80.17. This vulnerability affects the function SetValue of the file plugins/utils/object/SetValue.js of the component BehaviorTree Blackboard Data Interface. Such manipulation of the argum…
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High 7.3
jQWidgets jqx-all.js jqxBaseFramework.extend prototype pollution
A vulnerability was determined in jQWidgets up to 24.0.1. This affects the function JQXLite.extend/jqxBaseFramework.extend of the file jqwidgets/jqx-all.js. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack…
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Medium 6.3
provectus kafka-ui Groovy Code MessagesController.java executeSmartFilterTest code injection
A security flaw has been discovered in provectus kafka-ui up to 0.7.2. The affected element is the function executeSmartFilterTest of the file kafka-ui-api/src/main/java/com/provectus/kafka/ui/controller/MessagesController.java of the component Groovy Code Ha…
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High 8.1
In D-Link DI-8100G 17.12.20A1, the flag parameter in msp_info can be exploited to execute arbitrary code.
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Critical 9.8
An issue in libtiff 85f2ac8e0b01cb7db2bbecf4a3b891bdbef67938 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the proce…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Stock Management System getOrderReport.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Stock Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /php_action/getOrderReport.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument clientName/clientContact results in cross site scripting.…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Stock Management System printOrder.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Stock Management System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /php_action/printOrder.php. Such manipulation of the argument clientName/clientContact leads to cross site scripting. The attack …
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSIT2.php cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /BSIT2.php. The manipulation of the argument course leads to cross site scripting. Remot…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSIS1.php cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file /BSIS1.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument course can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remote…
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution via image element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Remote code execution via image element in Fabrik < 4.7.2.
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Critical 9.5
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - heredoc terminator breakout in the calc element in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The onUpdateComment endpoint did not perform any access checks.
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated remote code execution via PHP form element in Fabrik < 4.7.2
Joomla Extension - fabrikar.com - Unauthenticated remote code execution via PHP form element in Fabrik < 4.7.2 - The PHP form element is vulnerable to the execution of user provided codes.
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Medium 5.3
kk Star Ratings <= 5.4.10.3 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via 'payload' Parameter
The The kk Star Ratings – Rate Post & Collect User Feedbacks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.4.10.3. This is due to the software allowing users to execute an action that does not prop…
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High 7.2
Forminator Forms < 1.57.0.5 - Admin+ Network-Wide RCE via Hub Connector API Key on Multisite
The Forminator Forms WordPress plugin before 1.57.0.5 does not restrict a network-wide setting to network administrators, allowing an administrator of any single site on a multisite network to execute arbitrary code across the entire network.
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, crafted JSONata expressions could chain several object-integrity weaknesses to execute arbitrary code. The chain could overwrite $clone to mutate objects through evaluateTransformE…
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.1, the src/jsonata.js environment.lookup function used a bypassable hasOwnProperty check. Crafted expressions could use $hasOwnProperty, $spread, $string, prototype access, and $const…
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Critical 9.3
JSONata: Arbitrary Code Execution via crafted JSONata expressions
JSONata is a JSON query and transformation language. Prior to 1.8.8 and 2.2.0, the src/functions.js lookup function lacked an Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty check and allowed crafted expressions to access inherited prototype members. An attacker able to supp…
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Critical 9.2
Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI lead to RCE)
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. In 5.15.0 and earlier, resolveFilter in phalcon/Mvc/View/Engine/Volt/Compiler.zep builds the join filter by inserting the raw separator and array token values into generated PHP without passing them thr…