Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,297 results · Feed
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High 7.1
Vim: Arbitrary Ex Command Execution in C Omni-Completion
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0845, StructMembers() in runtime/autoload/ccomplete.vim constructs and executes a vimgrep command using an insufficiently escaped typeref: or typename: value from a tags file, allowing an untermina…
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High 7.8
CodeWhale before 0.8.64 Remote Code Execution via allow_shell
CodeWhale versions before 0.8.64 fail to properly validate the allow_shell configuration parameter from project config files, allowing attackers to enable arbitrary shell command execution by committing a malicious .codewhale/config.toml file to a repository.…
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High 7.8
CodeWhale rlm_eval before 0.8.64 Remote Code Execution
CodeWhale (packages codewhale / codewhale-tui) versions >= 0.8.41 and < 0.8.64 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the rlm_eval tool. The tool's approval_requirement() returns ApprovalRequirement::Auto, which the engine treats as 'never prompt,' …
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High 8.8
Oh My Zsh: Arbitrary Code Execution in oh-my-zsh dotenv plugin via malicious .env files
Oh My Zsh is a community-driven framework for managing Zsh configuration. Prior to 2026-05-28, the dotenv plugin in plugins/dotenv/dotenv.plugin.zsh passes ZSH_DOTENV_FILE to source after a directory change into a folder containing a .env file, allowing synta…
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Critical 10.0
WordPress WP Compress plugin < 7.20.01 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in WP Compress < 7.20.01 versions.
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Critical 9.9
WordPress Cwicly plugin <= 1.4.4 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Contributor Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Cwicly <= 1.4.4 versions.
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High 8.8CVE-2026-75827 Public exploit
Grav before 2.0.15 Arbitrary File Write via error_log
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSHRM1.php cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /BSHRM1.php. Performing a manipulation of the argument course results in cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the att…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System BSCE2.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in SourceCodester Class and Exam Timetabling System 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /BSCE2.php. Such manipulation of the argument course leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be laun…
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High 7.0
FreeCAD: Arbitrary code execution via unsandboxed PyImport_ImportModule in PropertyPythonObject::Restore
FreeCAD is a free and open-source multiplatform 3D parametric modeler. Prior to 1.1.2, src/App/PropertyPythonObject.cpp in PropertyPythonObject::Restore() passes the attacker-controlled module attribute from serialized PropertyPythonObject XML directly to PyI…
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Critical 9.4
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in GitLab
GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.2 before 18.11.11, 19.0 before 19.0.8, 19.1 before 19.1.6, and 19.2 before 19.2.4 that under certain conditions could allow an unauthenticated user to remotely modify or delete publ…
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Medium 6.2
sqlparse: Generated Python and PHP snippets allow SQL string breakout through unescaped backslashes
sqlparse is a non-validating SQL parser module for Python. Prior to 0.6.0, sqlparse/filters/output.py fails to escape existing backslashes before quotes in sqlparse.format output_format='python' and output_format='php' and the corresponding sqlformat -l modes…
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Critical 10.0
Joomla Extension - regularlabs.com - Unauthenticated RCE through unverified reflected user input in Sourcerer < 16.0.0
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Medium 4.3
code-projects Online Shopping System offersmail.php cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in code-projects Online Shopping System 1.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file offersmail.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument email can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from remote. T…
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Low 3.5
Webkul Bagisto RMA Message send-message cross site scripting
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High 7.4
GL.iNet XE3000 Language Update ui.update_langs code injection
A security flaw has been discovered in GL.iNet A1300, AX1800, AXT1800, BE1400, BE3600, BE6500, BE9300, BE10000, E5800, MT2500, MT3000, MT3600BE, MT5000, MT6000, X2000, X3000 and XE3000 up to 4.8.x. Affected by this issue is the function ui.update_langs of the…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in Squirro Cognitive Search < 3.14.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload …
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Critical 9.8
An issue in JeecgBoot v.3.9.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the files Parameter in JeecgBoot A…
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High 7.8
An issue in O2OA v.10.0.2 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the the sandbox mechanism of the Invoke…
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Critical 9.8
An issue in PbootCMS v.3.2.15 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the MemberController.php, UserController…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-67919 Public exploit
An issue in Halo 2.25.4 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the PluginEndpoint.java, installFromUri …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-38165 Public exploit
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the Velocity template engine configuration of xdocreport v0.9.…
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Medium 5.5
Jij-Inc Jij-MCP-Server jm_check python_repr.py PythonREPL.run code injection
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Medium 6.3
iatsiuk pptr-mcp execute Tool vm-executor.ts executeCode code injection
A security flaw has been discovered in iatsiuk pptr-mcp up to 0.2.7. The impacted element is the function executeCode of the file src/vm-executor.ts of the component execute Tool. The manipulation results in code injection. The attack may be launched remotely…
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High 7.2
WCPOS <= 1.9.14 - Authenticated (Shop Manager+) Code Injection via 'thermal' Template Engine
The WCPOS – Point of Sale (POS) plugin for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Code Injection via the 'thermal' Template Engine in all versions up to, and including, 1.9.14 due to the Receipt_Renderer_Factory dispatching templates with the 'ther…
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Medium 5.4
Paid Membership Plugin, Ecommerce, User Registration Form, Login Form, User Profile & Restrict Content <= 4.16.19 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via First Name / Last Name Profile Field
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Medium 6.3
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Low 3.5
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Low 3.5
code-projects Online Food Order System edit_food_items.php cross site scripting
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Online Book Store System System Settings index.php site_settings cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Online Book Store System 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/index.php?page=site_settings of the component System Settings Module. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. The at…
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High 7.2
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-73678 Public exploit
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High 7.8
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High 8.1
Improper control of generation of code ('Code Injection') in the settings feature in Devolutions PowerShell Universal 2…
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High 8.8
Grav CMS before 2.0.13 Remote Code Execution via ZIP Upload
Grav CMS before 2.0.13 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the Flex Objects plugin settings validation that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading a ZIP file containing PHP code. Attackers can bypass routine name valid…
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Medium 6.5
Improper Control of Generation of Code in Fleet Server Leading to Code Injection
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Medium 5.7
TypeORM: migration:generate template-literal code injection
TypeORM is a TypeScript and JavaScript ORM for Node.js that supports PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, SQL Server, Oracle, and other databases. Prior to versions 0.3.31 and 1.1.0, typeorm migration:generate embeds database schema metadata into JavaScript or…
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Critical 9.8
Velocity.js: Remote Code Execution via property-read to Function constructor (bypass of CVE-2026-44966 fix)
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High 7.8
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Critical 10.0
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