Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,297 results · Feed
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Medium 4.3
Khanakag-17 Library Management System index.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in Khanakag-17 Library Management System up to 60ed174506094dcd166e34904a54288e5d10ff24. This affects an unknown function of the file /index.php. The manipulation of the argument msg leads to cross site scripting. Remote exploit…
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Low 3.5
Campcodes Online Hospital Management System Edit Profile edit-profile.php cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /edit-profile.php of the component Edit Profile Page. Executing manipulation of the argument Username can lead to cross site scri…
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Low 2.4
Campcodes Online Hospital Management System Patient Search patient-search.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/patient-search.php of the component Patient Search Module. Performing manipulation of the argument Search by Name M…
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Low 2.4
Campcodes Hospital Management System Edit Doctor Specialization edit-doctor-specialization.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Campcodes Hospital Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /admin/edit-doctor-specialization.php of the component Edit Doctor Specialization Page. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. Th…
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar educar_tipo_ensino_cad.php cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /intranet/educar_tipo_ensino_cad.php. Executing manipulation of the argument nm_tipo can lead to cross site scripting. The attack c…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile importmodel cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected is an unknown function of the file /x_query_assemble_designer/jaxrs/importmodel of the component Personal Profile Page. Performing manipulation of the argument description/applicationName/queryName…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile statement cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This impacts an unknown function of the file /x_query_assemble_designer/jaxrs/statement of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation of the argument description/queryName leads to…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile table cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This affects an unknown function of the file /x_query_assemble_designer/jaxrs/table of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument description/applicationName/queryName causes c…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile stat cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in O2OA up to 10.0-410. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /x_query_assemble_designer/jaxrs/stat of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description/applicati…
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Medium 4.3CVE-2025-9728 Public exploit
givanz Vvveb login.tpl cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in givanz Vvveb 1.0.7.2. This affects an unknown part of the file app/template/user/login.tpl. Such manipulation of the argument Email/Password leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The …
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar educar_nivel_ensino_cad.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. This impacts an unknown function of the file /intranet/educar_nivel_ensino_cad.php. Executing manipulation of the argument nm_nivel/descricao can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be…
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar educar_tipo_regime_cad.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. This affects an unknown function of the file /intranet/educar_tipo_regime_cad.php. Performing manipulation of the argument nm_tipo results in cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remote…
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar educar_tipo_ocorrencia_disciplinar_cad.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /intranet/educar_tipo_ocorrencia_disciplinar_cad.php. Such manipulation of the argument nm_tipo/descricao leads to cross site scripting. …
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar edit cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /module/FormulaMedia/edit. This manipulation of the argument nome/formulaMedia causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack …
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar Cadastrar tabela de arredondamento edit cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /module/TabelaArredondamento/edit of the component Cadastrar tabela de arredondamento Page. The manipulation of the argument Nome results in cross site…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /x_processplatform_assemble_designer/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation of the argument name/alias/description/…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile process cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This affects an unknown part of the file /x_processplatform_assemble_designer/jaxrs/process of the component Personal Profile Page. Performing manipulation of the argument name/alias results in cross…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile unit cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /x_organization_assemble_control/jaxrs/unit/ of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation of the argument name/shortName/disti…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile form cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /x_processplatform_assemble_designer/jaxrs/form of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument name/alias/…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected is an unknown function of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site scripting.…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile form cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/form of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack may be l…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile appdict cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /x_cms_assemble_control/jaxrs/design/appdict of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. …
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile agent cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Affected is an unknown function of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/agent of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The e…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile page cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This impacts an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/page of the component Personal Profile Page. Performing manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack can be initiat…
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Critical 10.0
WeGIA Authenticated Arbitrary File Upload Leading To Remote Code Execution (RCE)
WeGIA is a Web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to version 3.4.11, a remote code execution vulnerability was identified, caused by improper validation of uploaded files. The application allows an attacker to upload files with arbitrary filenames, in…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile widget cross site scripting
A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be …
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile dict cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/dict/ of the component Personal Profile Page. This manipulation of the argument name/alias/description causes cross site scripting. Rem…
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile script cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /x_program_center/jaxrs/script of the component Personal Profile Page. The manipulation of the argument name/alias/description results in cross site sc…
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Medium 4.3
PHPGurukul Directory Management System add-directory.php cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in PHPGurukul Directory Management System 2.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/add-directory.php. The manipulation of the argument fullname leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be …
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Low 3.5
O2OA Personal Profile person cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This affects an unknown part of the file /x_organization_assemble_control/jaxrs/person/ of the component Personal Profile Page. Executing manipulation of the argument Description can lead to cross site sc…
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar Cadastrar projeto educar_projeto_cad.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /intranet/educar_projeto_cad.php of the component Cadastrar projeto Page. Such manipulation of the argument nome/observaca…
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Low 3.5
Portabilis i-Educar Cadastrar tipo de transferência educar_transferencia_tipo_cad.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was determined in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Affected is an unknown function of the file /intranet/educar_transferencia_tipo_cad.php of the component Cadastrar tipo de transferência Page. This manipulation of the argument nm_tipo/desc_tip…
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Medium 4.3
mtons mblog list cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in mtons mblog up to 3.5.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/role/list. This manipulation of the argument Name causes cross site scripting. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been …
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Low 3.5
O2OA calendarConfig cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /x_organization_assemble_personal/jaxrs/definition/calendarConfig. The manipulation of the argument toMonthViewName results in cross site scripting…
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Medium 4.3
code-projects Student Information Management System login.php cross site scripting
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Student Information Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /login.php. The manipulation of the argument uname results in cross site scripting. The attack may be performed from …
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Low 2.4
ZrLog Theme Configuration Form config cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in ZrLog up to 3.1.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /api/admin/template/config of the component Theme Configuration Form. Such manipulation of the argument footerLink leads to cross site scripti…
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Low 3.5
Weaver E-Mobile Mobile Management Platform cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in Weaver E-Mobile Mobile Management Platform up to 20250813. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality. The manipulation of the argument gohome leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotel…
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Medium 6.9
lychee-action vulnerable to arbitrary code injection in composite action
lychee link checking action checks links in Markdown, HTML, and text files using lychee. Prior to version 2.0.2, there is a potential attack of arbitrary code injection vulnerability in lychee-setup of the composite action at action.yml. This issue has been p…
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High 8.1
WordPress YouTube Showcase Plugin <= 3.5.1 - PHP Object Injection Vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in emarket-design YouTube Showcase youtube-showcase allows Object Injection.This issue affects YouTube Showcase: from n/a through <= 3.5.1.
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Critical 9.1
WordPress bidorbuy Store Integrator plugin <= 2.12.0 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in extremeidea bidorbuy Store Integrator bidorbuystoreintegrator allows Remote Code Inclusion.This issue affects bidorbuy Store Integrator: from n/a through <= 2.12.0.