Weakness (CWE)
CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-95
92 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.3CVE-2026-48962 Public exploit
IO::Compress versions before 2.220 for Perl can execute arbitrary code in File::GlobMapper via an attacker-controlled output glob
IO::Compress versions before 2.220 for Perl can execute arbitrary code in File::GlobMapper via an attacker-controlled output glob. _parseOutputGlob() wraps the caller-supplied output glob string in double quotes and stores it in the parser state; _getFiles() …
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High 8.8
Apache OFBiz: Improper Validation in traverseContent Service Enables Authenticated Groovy Code Execution
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection'), Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection') vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 24.09.06. Users are recommended to upgrade…
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High 8.8
OWASP BLT: pre-commit-fix.yaml executes untrusted fork code via pull_request_target
OWASP BLT is a QA testing and vulnerability disclosure platform that encompasses websites, apps, git repositories, and more. Prior to 2.1.2, .github/workflows/pre-commit-fix.yaml uses pull_request_target (privileged trigger) but checks out and executes code d…
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High 7.3
The flash-attention project thru commit e724e2588cbe754beb97cf7c011b5e7e34119e62 (2025-13-04) contains a code injection…
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High 8.6
PPTAgent: Arbitrary Code Execution via Python eval() of LLM-Generated Code with Builtins in Scope
PPTAgent is an agentic framework for reflective PowerPoint generation. Prior to commit 418491a, PPTAgent is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution via Python eval() of LLM-generated code with builtins in scope. This issue has been patched via commit 418491a.
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High 8.8
OWASP BLT has RCE in Github Actions via untrusted Django model execution in workflow
OWASP BLT is a QA testing and vulnerability disclosure platform that encompasses websites, apps, git repositories, and more. Versions prior to 2.1.1 contain an RCE vulnerability in the .github/workflows/regenerate-migrations.yml workflow. The workflow uses th…
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High 8.8
Chamilo LMS Affected by Remote Code Execution via eval() in Platform Settings
Chamilo LMS is a learning management system. Prior to .0.0-RC.3, the PlatformConfigurationController::decodeSettingArray() method uses PHP's eval() to parse platform settings from the database. An attacker with admin access (obtainable via Advisory 1) can inj…
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High 7.3
FoundationAgents MetaGPT XML action_node.py ActionNode.xml_fill eval injection
A flaw has been found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. This vulnerability affects the function ActionNode.xml_fill of the file metagpt/actions/action_node.py of the component XML Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper neutralization of…
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High 7.2
Dolibarr ERP/CRM < 23.0.2 Authenticated RCE via dol_eval_standard()
Dolibarr ERP/CRM versions prior to 23.0.2 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the dol_eval_standard() function that fails to apply forbidden string checks in whitelist mode and does not detect PHP dynamic callable syntax. Attackers…
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High 7.5
Tautulli: RCE via eval() sandbox bypass using lambda nested scope to escape co_names whitelist check
Tautulli is a Python based monitoring and tracking tool for Plex Media Server. Prior to version 2.17.0, the str_eval() function in notification_handler.py implements a sandboxed eval() for notification text templates. The sandbox attempts to restrict callable…
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High 7.3
letta-ai letta Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-6101 ast_parsers.py resolve_type eval injection
A vulnerability was detected in letta-ai letta 0.16.4. This issue affects the function resolve_type of the file letta/functions/ast_parsers.py of the component Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-6101. Performing a manipulation results in improper neutralization of direc…
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High 8.1
Locutus: Remote Code Execution (RCE) in locutus call_user_func_array due to Code Injection
Locutus brings stdlibs of other programming languages to JavaScript for educational purposes. Prior to version 3.0.0, a remote code execution (RCE) flaw was discovered in the locutus project, specifically within the call_user_func_array function implementatio…
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High 8.5
Sandbox escape in n8n Python task runner allows for arbitrary code execution on the underlying host.
Using string formatting and exception handling, an attacker may bypass n8n's python-task-executor sandbox restrictions and run arbitrary unrestricted Python code in the underlying operating system. The vulnerability can be exploited via the Code block by an a…
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High 8.8
An eval injection in the malware de-obfuscation routines of CloudLinux ai-bolit before v32.7.4 allows attackers to over…
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High 8.7
XWiki vulnerable to remote code execution through insufficient protection against {{/html}} injection
XWiki Rendering is a generic rendering system that converts textual input in a given syntax (wiki syntax, HTML, etc) into another syntax (XHTML, etc). Versions 16.10.9 and below, 17.0.0-rc-1 through 17.4.2 and 17.5.0-rc-1 through 17.5.0 have insufficient prot…
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High 7.3
Open WebUI Affected by an External Model Server (Direct Connections) Code Injection via SSE Events
Open WebUI is a self-hosted artificial intelligence platform designed to operate entirely offline. Versions 0.6.224 and prior contain a code injection vulnerability in the Direct Connections feature that allows malicious external model servers to execute arbi…
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High 7.8
F5OS vulnerability
A vulnerability exists in F5OS-A and F5OS-C systems that may allow an authenticated attacker with local access to escalate their privileges. A successful exploit may allow the attacker to cross a security boundary. Note: Software versions which have reached…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-48868 Public exploit
Horilla vulnerable to authenticated RCE via eval() in project_bulk_archive
Horilla is a free and open source Human Resource Management System (HRMS). An authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in Horilla 1.3.0 due to the unsafe use of Python’s eval() function on a user-controlled query parameter in the project…
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High 8.7
XWiki Blog Application: Privilege Escalation (PR) from account through blog content
The XWiki blog application allows users of the XWiki platform to create and manage blog posts. Prior to version 9.14, the blog application in XWiki allowed remote code execution for any user who has edit right on any page. Normally, these are all logged-in us…
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High 8.1
Multiple Plugins by emarket-design <= Multiple Versions - Unauthenticated Limited Remote Code Execution
Multiple plugins for WordPress by emarket-design with the 'emd-form-builder-lite' package are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in various versions via the emd_form_builder_lite_pagenum function. This is due to the plugin not properly validating user input …
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High 7.8
Unsafe use of eval() method in rosbag tool
A code execution vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosbag' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied i…
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High 7.8
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic echo tool
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'echo' verb, which allows a user to introspect a ROS to…
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High 7.8
Unsafe use of eval() method in rostopic hz tool
A code injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rostopic' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability lies in the 'hz' verb, which reports the publishing rate of a topic…
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High 7.8
Unsafe use of eval() method in roslaunch tool
A code injection vulnerability has been identified in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'roslaunch' command-line tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability arises from the use of the eval() method to process user-supplied,…
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High 7.8
Unsafe use of eval() method in rosparam tool
A code execution vulnerability has been discovered in the Robot Operating System (ROS) 'rosparam' tool, affecting ROS distributions Noetic Ninjemys and earlier. The vulnerability stems from the use of the eval() function to process unsanitized, user-supplied …
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High 7.3
Quiz Maker Business, Developer, and Agency <= (Multiple Versions) - Unauthenticated Arbitrary Shortcode Execution via content
The Quiz Maker Business, Developer, and Agency plugins for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary shortcode execution in all versions up to, and including, 8.8.0 (Business), up to, and including, 21.8.0 (Developer), and up to, and including, 31.8.0 (Agency). Th…
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High 8.1
TorchGeo Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
TorchGeo Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
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High 7.8
Guardrails has an arbitrary code execution vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 0.2.9 up to 0.5.10 of the Guardrails AI Guardrails framework because of the way it validates XML files. If a victim user loads a maliciously crafted XML file containing Python code, the code will be…
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High 8.6CVE-2023-47105 Scanner template
Chaosblade vulnerable to OS command execution
exec.CommandContext in Chaosblade 0.3 through 1.7.3, when server mode is used, allows OS command execution via the cmd parameter without authentication.
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High 8.8
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.10.5.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the Microsoft SharePoint integration is installed on the server. For databases created with the SharePoint engine, an ‘INSERT’ query can be use…
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High 8.8
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.10.5.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the Microsoft SharePoint integration is installed on the server. For databases created with the SharePoint engine, an ‘INSERT’ query can be use…
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High 8.8
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.10.5.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the Microsoft SharePoint integration is installed on the server. For databases created with the SharePoint engine, an ‘INSERT’ query can be use…
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High 8.8
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.12.4.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the ChromaDB integration is installed on the server. If a specially crafted ‘INSERT’ query containing Python code is run against a database cre…
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High 8.8
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.11.4.2 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when one of several integrations is installed on the server. If a specially crafted ‘UPDATE’ query containing Python code is run against a database …
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High 8.8CVE-2024-45846 Public exploit
MindsDB Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 23.10.3.0 up to 24.7.4.1 of the MindsDB platform, when the Weaviate integration is installed on the server. If a specially crafted ‘SELECT WHERE’ clause containing Python code is run against a datab…
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High 7.8
Refuel Autolab Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 0.0.8 and newer of the Refuel Autolabel library because of the way its multilabel classification tasks handle provided CSV files. If a user creates a multilabel classification task using a malicious…
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High 7.8
Refuel Autolab Eval Injection vulnerability
An arbitrary code execution vulnerability exists in versions 0.0.8 and newer of the Refuel Autolabel library because of the way its classification tasks handle provided CSV files. If a victim user creates a classification task using a maliciously crafted CSV …
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High 7.6
Xiaomi App Market has a code execution vulnerability
A code execution vulnerability exists in the Xiaomi App market product. The vulnerability is caused by unsafe configuration and can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary code.
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High 8.8
Journyx Authenticated Remote Code Execution
Attackers with a valid username and password can exploit a python code injection vulnerability during the natural login flow.
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High 8.8
Custom Field Suite <= 2.6.7 - Authenticated (Contributor+) PHP Code Injection via Loop Custom Field
The Custom Field Suite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Code Injection in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.7 via the Loop custom field. This is due to insufficient sanitization of input prior to being used in a call to the eval() function. This…