Weakness (CWE)
CWE-95: Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
How to prevent it (4 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Implementation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-95
243 results · Feed
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High 8.8
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Critical 10.0
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High 7.8
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High 7.8
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Spreadsheet::ParseExcel version 0.65 is a Perl module used for parsing Excel files. Spreadsheet::ParseExcel is vulnerable to an arbitrary code execution (ACE) vulnerability due to passing unvalidated input from a file into a string-type “eval”. Specifically, …
KEV Jan 2, 2024 -
Critical 10.0
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in 2.3 and prior to versions 14.10.15, 15.5.2, and 15.7-rc-1, anyone who can edit an arbitrary wiki page in an XWiki installation can gain programming right through several cases of missing escaping in the c…
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in 4.5-rc-1 and prior to versions 14.10.15, 15.5.2, and 15.7-rc-1, the search administration interface doesn't properly escape the id and label of search user interface extensions, allowing the injection of …
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High 8.4
fastbots Eval Injection vulnerability
fastbots is a library for fast bot and scraper development using selenium and the Page Object Model (POM) design. Prior to version 0.1.5, an attacker could modify the locators.ini locator file with python code that without proper validation it's executed and …
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Critical 10.0CVE-2023-46731 EPSS 90%
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. XWiki doesn't properly escape the section URL parameter that is used in the code for displaying administration sections. This allows any user with read ac…
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Critical 10.0
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Starting in version 5.1-rc-1 and prior to versions 14.10.8 and 15.3-rc-1, any user who can edit their own user profile can execute arbitrary script macros…
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Critical 9.9
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any registered user can use the content field of their user profile page to execute arbitrary scripts with programming rights, thus effectively performing…
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Critical 9.9
Privilege escalation (PR)/RCE from account through Invitation subject/message
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any user who can view `Invitation.WebHome` can execute arbitrary script macros including Groovy and Python macros that allow remote code execution includi…
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Critical 10.0
Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection') in org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-skin-ui
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Critical 10.0
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any user with view rights on `XWiki.AttachmentSelector` can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki…
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Critical 9.1
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XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In affected versions of `org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-logging-ui` it is possible to trick a user with programming rights into visiting a constructed …
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Critical 9.9
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Critical 9.9
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org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
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Critical 10.0
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-panels-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with edit rights can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escap…
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Critical 10.0
xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-panels-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with edit rights can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The root cause is improper escap…
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Critical 10.0
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-wiki-ui-mainwiki Eval Injection vulnerability
XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights `WikiManager.DeleteWiki` can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki leading to full access to the XWiki installation. The roo…
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Critical 10.0
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-notifications-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
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Critical 10.0
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XWiki Commons are technical libraries common to several other top level XWiki projects. Any user with view rights on commonly accessible documents including the legacy notification activity macro can execute arbitrary Groovy, Python or Velocity code in XWiki …
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Medium 4.9
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High 8.8CVE-2023-0089 Public exploit
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Critical 10.0CVE-2023-26477 EPSS 75%
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in versions 6.3-rc-1 and 6.2.4, it's possible to inject arbitrary wiki syntax including Groovy, Python and Velocity script macros via the `newThemeName` request parameter (URL parameter), in combination with…
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High —
code injection in phpxmlrpc/phpxmlrpc
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Critical 9.9
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Critical 9.9
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Critical 9.9CVE-2022-36100 EPSS 74%
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XWiki Platform Applications Tag and XWiki Platform Tag UI are tag applications for XWiki, a generic wiki platform. Starting with version 1.7 in XWiki Platform Applications Tag and prior to 13.10.6 and 14.4 in XWiki Platform Tag UI, the tags document `Main.Tag…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2022-36099 EPSS 76%
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XWiki Platform Wiki UI Main Wiki is software for managing subwikis on XWiki Platform, a generic wiki platform. Starting with version 5.3-milestone-2 and prior to versions 13.10.6 and 14.4, it's possible to inject arbitrary wiki syntax including Groovy, Python…
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Medium 6.1
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Critical 10.0
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Critical 9.8
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Medium 6.5
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High 8.3
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High 8.3
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