Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,217 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
High 8.1
WordPress PatioTime theme < 2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LoftOcean PatioTime patiotime allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects PatioTime: from n/a through < 2.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Urna theme <= 2.5.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Urna urna allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Urna: from n/a through <= 2.5.12.
-
High 8.1
WordPress CozyStay theme < 1.9.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LoftOcean CozyStay cozystay allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CozyStay: from n/a through < 1.9.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Besa theme <= 2.3.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Besa besa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Besa: from n/a through <= 2.3.15.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Hara theme <= 1.2.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Hara hara allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hara: from n/a through <= 1.2.17.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Extensive VC Addons for WPBakery page builder plugin <= 1.9.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Nenad Obradovic Extensive VC Addons for WPBakery page builder extensive-vc-addon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Extens…
-
High 7.5
WordPress Airtifact theme <= 1.2.91 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in VanKarWai Airtifact airtifact allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Airtifact: from n/a through <= 1.2.91.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Sales Countdown Timer for WooCommerce and WordPress plugin < 1.1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in villatheme Sales Countdown Timer for WooCommerce and WordPress sctv-sales-countdown-timer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affec…
-
High 7.5
WordPress CMSMasters Content Composer plugin <= 1.4.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in cmsmasters CMSMasters Content Composer cmsmasters-content-composer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CMSMasters Content C…
-
High 7.5
Flexi Product Slider and Grid for WooCommerce <= 1.0.5 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via 'theme' Shortcode Attribute
The Flexi Product Slider and Grid for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.5 via the `flexipsg_carousel` shortcode. This is due to the `theme` parameter being directly concatenated in…
-
High 8.8
SportsPress <= 2.7.26 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via Shortcode
The SportsPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.26 via shortcodes 'template_name' attribute. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor-level and above permissions,…
-
High 7.5
WordPress Unicamp theme <= 2.7.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Unicamp unicamp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Unicamp: from n/a through <= 2.7.1.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Spirit Framework plugin <= 1.2.13 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Talemy Spirit Framework allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Spirit Framework: from n/a through 1.2.13.
-
High 7.5
Administrative Shortcodes <= 0.3.4 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via 'slug' Shortcode Attribute
The Administrative Shortcodes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 0.3.4 via the 'slug' attribute of the 'get_template' shortcode. This is due to insufficient path validation on user-supplied input p…
-
High 7.5
WordPress EduBlink Core plugin <= 2.0.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in DevsBlink EduBlink Core edublink-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects EduBlink Core: from n/a through <= 2.0.7.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Laurent Core plugin <= 2.4.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Laurent Core laurent-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Laurent Core: from n/a through <= 2.4.1.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Laurent theme <= 3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Laurent laurent allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Laurent: from n/a through <= 3.1.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Omnipress plugin <= 1.6.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in omnipressteam Omnipress omnipress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Omnipress: from n/a through <= 1.6.7.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Prowess theme <= 2.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes Prowess prowess allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Prowess: from n/a through <= 2.3.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Kentha Elementor Widgets plugin < 3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in QantumThemes Kentha Elementor Widgets kentha-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Kentha Elementor Widgets: from n…
-
High 7.5
WordPress Gyan Elements plugin <= 2.2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Softwebmedia Gyan Elements gyan-elements allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Gyan Elements: from n/a through <= 2.2.1.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Golo theme < 1.7.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in uxper Golo golo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Golo: from n/a through < 1.7.5.
-
High 7.5
WordPress My auctions allegro plugin <= 3.6.33 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wphocus My auctions allegro my-auctions-allegro-free-edition allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects My auctions allegro: from …
-
High 7.5
WordPress Freshio theme <= 2.4.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in pavothemes Freshio freshio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Freshio: from n/a through <= 2.4.2.
-
High 7.5
WordPress Triply theme <= 2.4.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in pavothemes Triply triply allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Triply: from n/a through <= 2.4.7.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Werkstatt theme < 4.8.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes Werkstatt werkstatt allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Werkstatt: from n/a through < 4.8.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress North theme <= 5.7.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes North north-wp allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects North: from n/a through <= 5.7.5.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Yolox theme <= 1.0.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Yolox yolox allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yolox: from n/a through <= 1.0.15.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Malta theme <= 1.3.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Malta malta allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Malta: from n/a through <= 1.3.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Hobo theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Hobo hobo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hobo: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Modern Housewife theme <= 1.0.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Modern Housewife modernhousewife allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Modern Housewife: from n/a through <= 1.0…
-
High 8.1
WordPress Piqes theme <= 1.0.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Piqes piqes allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Piqes: from n/a through <= 1.0.11.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Pearson Specter theme <= 1.11.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Pearson Specter pearsonspecter allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pearson Specter: from n/a through <= 1.11.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Prider theme <= 1.1.3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Prider prider allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Prider: from n/a through <= 1.1.3.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress TanTum theme <= 1.1.13 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes TanTum tantum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TanTum: from n/a through <= 1.1.13.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Tornados theme <= 2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Tornados tornados allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tornados: from n/a through <= 2.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Muji theme <= 1.2.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Muji muji allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Muji: from n/a through <= 1.2.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Snow Mountain theme <= 1.4.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Snow Mountain snowmountain allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Snow Mountain: from n/a through <= 1.4.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Indoor Plants theme <= 1.2.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Indoor Plants indoor-plants allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Indoor Plants: from n/a through <= 1.2.7.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Tails theme <= 1.4.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Tails tails allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tails: from n/a through <= 1.4.12.