Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress Molla theme <= 1.5.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in don-themes Molla molla allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Molla: from n/a through <= 1.5.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress Berger theme <= 1.1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Berger berger allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Berger: from n/a through <= 1.1.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress UnlimHost theme <= 1.2.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes UnlimHost unlimhost allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects UnlimHost: from n/a through <= 1.2.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Netmix theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Netmix netmix allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Netmix: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Blabber theme <= 1.7.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Blabber blabber allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blabber: from n/a through <= 1.7.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress PawFriends - Pet Shop and Veterinary WordPress Theme theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes PawFriends - Pet Shop and Veterinary WordPress Theme pawfriends allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects PawFriend…
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High 8.1
WordPress Saveo theme <= 1.1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Saveo saveo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Saveo: from n/a through <= 1.1.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Fooddy theme <= 1.3.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Fooddy fooddy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fooddy: from n/a through <= 1.3.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Zio Alberto theme <= 1.2.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Zio Alberto zioalberto allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Zio Alberto: from n/a through <= 1.2.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Impacto Patronus theme <= 1.2.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Impacto Patronus impacto-patronus allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Impacto Patronus: from n/a through <= 1.…
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High 8.1
WordPress Parkivia theme <= 1.1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Parkivia parkivia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Parkivia: from n/a through <= 1.1.9.
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High 8.1
WordPress Gustavo theme <= 1.2.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Gustavo gustavo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Gustavo: from n/a through <= 1.2.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Isida theme <= 1.4.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Isida isida allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Isida: from n/a through <= 1.4.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Redy theme <= 1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Redy redy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Redy: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Jude theme <= 1.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Jude jude allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Jude: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Ironfit theme <= 1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Ironfit ironfit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ironfit: from n/a through <= 1.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Marveland theme <= 1.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Marveland marveland allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Marveland: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Coworking theme <= 1.6.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Coworking coworking allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Coworking: from n/a through <= 1.6.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Rhodos theme <= 1.3.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Rhodos rhodos allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rhodos: from n/a through <= 1.3.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Soleng theme <= 1.0.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Soleng soleng allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Soleng: from n/a through <= 1.0.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Photolia theme <= 1.0.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Photolia photolia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Photolia: from n/a through <= 1.0.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress SevenTrees theme <=1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes SevenTrees seventrees allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SevenTrees: from n/a through <=1.0.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress A-Mart theme <= 1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes A-Mart a-mart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects A-Mart: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.
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High 7.5
WordPress Jetpack CRM plugin <= 6.7.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Automattic Jetpack CRM zero-bs-crm allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Jetpack CRM: from n/a through <= 6.7.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Belletrist theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Edge-Themes Belletrist belletrist allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Belletrist: from n/a through <= 1.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress FiveStar theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes FiveStar fivestar allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FiveStar: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress FreightCo theme <= 1.1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX FreightCo freightco allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FreightCo: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress PJ | Life & Business Coaching theme <= 3.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes PJ | Life & Business Coaching pj allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects PJ | Life & Business Coaching: from n/a th…
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High 8.1
WordPress Struktur theme <= 2.5.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes Struktur struktur allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Struktur: from n/a through <= 2.5.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress HealthFirst theme <= 1.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes HealthFirst healthfirst allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects HealthFirst: from n/a through <= 1.0.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Yokoo theme <= 1.1.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Yokoo yokoo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yokoo: from n/a through <= 1.1.11.
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High 8.1
WordPress R&F theme <= 1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX R&F rf allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects R&F: from n/a through <= 1.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Cobble theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Cobble cobble allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Cobble: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Plank theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Plank plank allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Plank: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Splendour theme <= 1.23 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Splendour splendour allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Splendour: from n/a through <= 1.23.
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High 8.1
WordPress Tint theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Tint tint allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tint: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Gable theme <= 1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Gable gable allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Gable: from n/a through <= 1.5.
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High 7.5
WordPress Simple Retail Menus plugin <= 4.2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in whatwouldjessedo Simple Retail Menus simple-retail-menus allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Simple Retail Menus: from n/a …
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High 7.5
WordPress WP shop plugin <= 2.6.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Agence web Eoxia - Montpellier WP shop wpshop allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP shop: from n/a through <= 2.6.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Portfolio Builder plugin <= 1.2.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in SolverWp Portfolio Builder swp-portfolio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Portfolio Builder: from n/a through <= 1.2.5.