Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
-
Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
-
Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
-
High 8.1
WordPress Prowess theme <= 1.8.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes Prowess prowess allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Prowess: from n/a through <= 1.8.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Alliance theme <= 3.1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Alliance alliance allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Alliance: from n/a through <= 3.1.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Zentrum theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Zentrum zentrum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Zentrum: from n/a through <= 1.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Green Planet theme <= 1.1.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Green Planet green-planet allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Green Planet: from n/a through <= 1.1.14.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Tribe theme <= 1.7.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LaunchandSell Tribe tribe allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tribe: from n/a through <= 1.7.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Helvig theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Helvig helvig allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Helvig: from n/a through <= 1.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Crown Art theme <= 1.2.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Crown Art crown-art allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Crown Art: from n/a through <= 1.2.11.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Playa theme <= 1.3.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Playa playa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Playa: from n/a through <= 1.3.9.
-
High 8.1
WordPress ElectroServ theme <= 1.3.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes ElectroServ electroserv allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects ElectroServ: from n/a through <= 1.3.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress CloudMe theme <= 1.2.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes CloudMe cloudme allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CloudMe: from n/a through <= 1.2.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Wabi-Sabi theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Wabi-Sabi wabi-sabi allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wabi-Sabi: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Woopy theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Woopy woopy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Woopy: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Verdure theme <= 1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Verdure verdure allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Verdure: from n/a through <= 1.6.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Tooth Fairy theme <= 1.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Tooth Fairy tooth-fairy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tooth Fairy: from n/a through <= 1.16.
-
High 8.1
WordPress GoTravel theme <= 2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes GoTravel gotravel allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects GoTravel: from n/a through <= 2.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Sweet Jane theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Sweet Jane sweetjane allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Sweet Jane: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Shaha theme <= 1.1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Shaha shaha allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Shaha: from n/a through <= 1.1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress SetSail theme <= 1.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes SetSail setsail allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SetSail: from n/a through <= 1.8.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Honor theme <= 2.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Honor honor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Honor: from n/a through <= 2.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Horizon theme <= 1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Horizon horizon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Horizon: from n/a through <= 1.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Quantum theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Quantum quantum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Quantum: from n/a through <= 1.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Great Lotus theme <= 1.3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Great Lotus great-lotus allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Great Lotus: from n/a through <= 1.3.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Dolcino theme <= 1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Dolcino dolcino allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dolcino: from n/a through <= 1.6.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Marra theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Marra marra allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Marra: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress FixTeam theme <= 1.5.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes FixTeam fixteam allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FixTeam: from n/a through <= 1.5.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Eona theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Eona eona allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Eona: from n/a through <= 1.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Malgré theme <= 1.0.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Malgré malgre allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Malgré: from n/a through <= 1.0.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress The Mounty theme <= 1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes The Mounty the-mounty allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects The Mounty: from n/a through <= 1.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Innovio theme <= 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Innovio innovio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Innovio: from n/a through <= 1.9.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Overton theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Overton overton allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Overton: from n/a through <= 1.3.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Justicia theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Justicia justicia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Justicia: from n/a through <= 1.2.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Fiorello theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Fiorello fiorello allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fiorello: from n/a through <= 1.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Fleur theme <= 2.2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Fleur fleur allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fleur: from n/a through <= 2.2.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Holmes theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Holmes holmes allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Holmes: from n/a through <= 1.7.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Cocco theme <= 2.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Cocco cocco allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Cocco: from n/a through <= 2.0.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Cortex theme <= 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Cortex cortex allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Cortex: from n/a through <= 1.9.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Evently theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Evently evently allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Evently: from n/a through <= 1.7.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Wolmart theme <= 1.9.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in don-themes Wolmart wolmart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wolmart: from n/a through <= 1.9.6.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Aviana theme <= 2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Aviana aviana allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Aviana: from n/a through <= 2.1.
-
High 8.1
WordPress Remons theme <= 1.3.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme Remons remons allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Remons: from n/a through <= 1.3.4.