Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress Yottis theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Yottis yottis allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yottis: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Translogic theme <= 1.2.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Translogic translogic allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Translogic: from n/a through <= 1.2.11.
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High 8.1
WordPress Yungen theme <= 1.0.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Yungen yungen allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yungen: from n/a through <= 1.0.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Coinpress theme <= 1.0.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Coinpress coinpress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Coinpress: from n/a through <= 1.0.14.
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High 8.1
WordPress DroneX theme <= 1.1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX DroneX dronex allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects DroneX: from n/a through <= 1.1.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Scientia theme <= 1.2.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Scientia scientia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Scientia: from n/a through <= 1.2.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Vixus theme <= 1.0.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Vixus vixus allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Vixus: from n/a through <= 1.0.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress Tediss theme <= 1.2.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Tediss tediss allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tediss: from n/a through <= 1.2.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Justitia theme <= 1.1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Justitia justitia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Justitia: from n/a through <= 1.1.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Maxify theme <= 1.0.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Maxify maxify allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Maxify: from n/a through <= 1.0.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress Aldo theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Aldo aldo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Aldo: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Lingvico theme <= 1.0.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Lingvico lingvico allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lingvico: from n/a through <= 1.0.14.
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High 8.1
WordPress ConFix theme <= 1.013 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX ConFix confix allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects ConFix: from n/a through <= 1.013.
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High 8.1
WordPress Quanzo theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Quanzo quanzo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Quanzo: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Meals & Wheels theme <= 1.1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Meals & Wheels meals-wheels allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Meals & Wheels: from n/a through <= 1.1.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Avventure theme <= 1.1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Avventure avventure allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Avventure: from n/a through <= 1.1.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress OsTende theme <= 1.4.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX OsTende ostende allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects OsTende: from n/a through <= 1.4.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress The Qlean theme <= 2.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX The Qlean the-qlean allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects The Qlean: from n/a through <= 2.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Equadio theme <= 1.1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Equadio equadio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Equadio: from n/a through <= 1.1.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Humanum theme <= 1.1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Humanum humanum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Humanum: from n/a through <= 1.1.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Metro theme <= 2.13 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme Metro metro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Metro: from n/a through <= 2.13.
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High 8.1
WordPress Aora theme <= 1.3.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Aora aora allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Aora: from n/a through <= 1.3.15.
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High 8.1
WordPress TopScorer - Sports WordPress Theme theme <= 1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes TopScorer - Sports WordPress Theme topscorer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TopScorer - Sports WordPress…
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High 8.1
WordPress Buzz Stone | Magazine & Viral Blog WordPress Theme theme <= 1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Buzz Stone | Magazine & Viral Blog WordPress Theme buzzstone allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Buzz Stone | …
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High 8.1
WordPress Apollo | Night Club, DJ Event WordPress Theme theme <= 1.3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Apollo | Night Club, DJ Event WordPress Theme apollo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Apollo | Night Club, …
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High 8.1
WordPress TopFit - Fitness and Gym WordPress Theme theme <= 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes TopFit - Fitness and Gym WordPress Theme topfit allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TopFit - Fitness and Gym …
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High 8.1
WordPress Ekoterra - NonProfit, Green Energy & Ecology Theme theme <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Ekoterra - NonProfit, Green Energy & Ecology Theme ekoterra allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ekoterra - Non…
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High 8.1
WordPress Chronicle - Lifestyle Magazine & Blog WordPress Theme theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Chronicle - Lifestyle Magazine & Blog WordPress Theme chronicle allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Chronicle …
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High 8.1
WordPress Consultor | Consulting, Accounting & Legal Counsel WordPress Theme theme <= 1.2.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Consultor | Consulting, Accounting & Legal Counsel WordPress Theme consultor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affec…
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High 8.1
WordPress CasaMia | Property Rental Real Estate WordPress Theme theme <= 1.1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes CasaMia | Property Rental Real Estate WordPress Theme casamia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CasaMia | Pr…
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High 8.1
WordPress AC Services | HVAC, Air Conditioning & Heating Company WordPress Theme theme <= 1.2.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes AC Services | HVAC, Air Conditioning & Heating Company WordPress Theme window-ac-services allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This…
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High 8.1
WordPress Alchemists theme <= 4.6.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in dan_fisher Alchemists alchemists allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Alchemists: from n/a through <= 4.6.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress The Issue theme <= 1.6.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in fuelthemes The Issue theissue allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects The Issue: from n/a through <= 1.6.11.
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High 8.1
WordPress Felizia theme <= 1.3.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Felizia felizia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Felizia: from n/a through <= 1.3.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Etchy theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Etchy etchy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Etchy: from n/a through <= 1.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress FindAll theme <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes FindAll findall allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FindAll: from n/a through <= 1.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Wanderland theme <= 1.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Wanderland wanderland allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wanderland: from n/a through <= 1.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Askka theme <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Elated-Themes Askka askka allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Askka: from n/a through <= 1.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Hoverex theme <= 1.5.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Hoverex hoverex allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hoverex: from n/a through <= 1.5.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Don Peppe theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes Don Peppe donpeppe allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Don Peppe: from n/a through <= 1.3.