Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress Fabrica theme <= 1.8.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Fabrica fabrica allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fabrica: from n/a through <= 1.8.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Winger theme <= 1.0.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Winger winger allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Winger: from n/a through <= 1.0.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress OnLeash theme <= 1.5.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes OnLeash onleash allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects OnLeash: from n/a through <= 1.5.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress MaxCube theme <= 1.3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes MaxCube maxcube allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects MaxCube: from n/a through <= 1.3.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress IPharm theme <= 1.2.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes IPharm ipharm allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects IPharm: from n/a through <= 1.2.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Soleil theme <= 1.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Soleil soleil allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Soleil: from n/a through <= 1.17.
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High 8.1
WordPress Rare Radio theme <= 1.0.15.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Rare Radio rareradio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Rare Radio: from n/a through <= 1.0.15.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Panda theme <= 1.21 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Panda panda allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Panda: from n/a through <= 1.21.
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High 8.1
WordPress Tripster theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Tripster tripster allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tripster: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Wanderic theme <= 1.0.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Wanderic wanderic allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wanderic: from n/a through <= 1.0.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress HeartStar theme <= 1.0.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes HeartStar heartstar allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects HeartStar: from n/a through <= 1.0.14.
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High 8.1
WordPress Chinchilla theme <= 1.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Chinchilla chinchilla allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Chinchilla: from n/a through <= 1.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress Fribbo theme <= 1.1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Fribbo fribbo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fribbo: from n/a through <= 1.1.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Spock theme <= 1.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Spock spock allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Spock: from n/a through <= 1.17.
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High 8.1
WordPress Aromatica theme <= 1.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Aromatica aromatica allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Aromatica: from n/a through <= 1.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Athos theme <= 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Athos athos allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Athos: from n/a through <= 1.9.
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High 8.1
WordPress Lione theme <= 1.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Lione lione allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lione: from n/a through <= 1.16.
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High 8.1
WordPress Vocal theme <= 1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Vocal vocal allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Vocal: from n/a through <= 1.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress EcoGrow theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes EcoGrow ecogrow allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects EcoGrow: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Dwell theme <= 1.7.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Dwell dwell allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dwell: from n/a through <= 1.7.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Manufactory theme <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Manufactory manufactory allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Manufactory: from n/a through <= 1.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Agricola theme <= 1.1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Agricola agricola allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Agricola: from n/a through <= 1.1.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Tacticool theme <= 1.0.13 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Tacticool tacticool allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tacticool: from n/a through <= 1.0.13.
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High 8.1
WordPress Fabric theme <= 1.5.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Fabric fabric allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fabric: from n/a through <= 1.5.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Catamaran theme <= 1.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Catamaran catamaran allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Catamaran: from n/a through <= 1.15.
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High 8.1
WordPress Basil theme <= 1.3.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Basil basil allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Basil: from n/a through <= 1.3.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Lunna theme <= 1.15 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Lunna lunna allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lunna: from n/a through <= 1.15.
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High 8.1
WordPress The Gig theme <= 1.18.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes The Gig thegig allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects The Gig: from n/a through <= 1.18.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Anubis theme <= 1.25 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Anubis anubis allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Anubis: from n/a through <= 1.25.
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High 8.1
WordPress Prisma theme <= 1.10 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Prisma prisma allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Prisma: from n/a through <= 1.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress FitFlex theme <= 1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes FitFlex fitflex allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FitFlex: from n/a through <= 1.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Palatio theme <= 1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Palatio palatio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Palatio: from n/a through <= 1.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Cerebrum theme <= 1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Cerebrum cerebrum allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Cerebrum: from n/a through <= 1.12.
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High 8.1
WordPress Stallion theme <= 1.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Stallion stallion allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Stallion: from n/a through <= 1.17.
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High 8.1
WordPress Pantry theme <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Pantry pantry allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pantry: from n/a through <= 1.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Neptunus theme <= 1.0.11 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Neptunus neptunus allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Neptunus: from n/a through <= 1.0.11.
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High 8.1
WordPress Heart theme <= 1.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Heart heart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Heart: from n/a through <= 1.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress UniTravel theme <= 1.4.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes UniTravel unitravel allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects UniTravel: from n/a through <= 1.4.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Takeout theme <= 1.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AncoraThemes Takeout takeout allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Takeout: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Critique theme <= 1.17 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Critique critique allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Critique: from n/a through <= 1.17.