Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 7.5
WordPress Lazy Load Optimizer plugin <= 1.4.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Processby Lazy Load Optimizer lazy-load-optimizer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lazy Load Optimizer: from n/a through…
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High 7.5
WordPress Responsive Sidebar plugin <= 1.2.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Processby Responsive Sidebar responsive-sidebar allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Responsive Sidebar: from n/a through <=…
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High 8.1
WordPress Leblix Theme <= 2.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Creatives_Planet Leblix leblix allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Leblix: from n/a through <= 2.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Greenify theme <= 2.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in designervily Greenify greenify allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Greenify: from n/a through <= 2.2.
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High 7.5
WordPress Zegen Theme <= 1.1.9 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in zozothemes Zegen zegen allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Zegen: from n/a through <= 1.1.9.
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High 7.5
WordPress Real Time Validation for Gravity Forms <= 1.7.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Daman Jeet Real Time Validation for Gravity Forms real-time-validation-for-gravity-forms allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affect…
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High 8.1
WordPress Kinsley theme <= 3.4.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in bslthemes Kinsley kinsley allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Kinsley: from n/a through <= 3.4.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Modal Survey plugin <= 2.0.2.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in pantherius Modal Survey modal-survey.This issue affects Modal Survey: from n/a through <= 2.0.2.0.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Dør theme <= 2.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Dør dor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dør: from n/a through <= 2.4.
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High 7.5
WordPress Dessau theme < 1.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Select-Themes Dessau dessau allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dessau: from n/a through < 1.9.
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High 8.1
Premium Portfolio Features for Phlox theme <= 2.3.10 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via args[extra_template_path]
The Premium Portfolio Features for Phlox theme plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.3.10 via the 'args[extra_template_path]' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inclu…
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High 7.5
Elegance Menu <= 1.9 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Elegance Menu plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9 via the 'elegance-menu' attribute of the `elegance-menu` shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-lev…
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High 8.8
WPCOM Member <= 1.7.14 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion via Shortcode
The WPCOM Member plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.14 via the action parameter in one of its shortcodes. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and a…
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High 7.5
WordPress Masterstudy theme < 4.8.126 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in StylemixThemes Masterstudy masterstudy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Masterstudy: from n/a through < 4.8.126.
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High 7.5
WordPress Kleo theme < 5.5.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in SeventhQueen Kleo kleo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Kleo: from n/a through < 5.5.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress Consulting Elementor Widgets plugin <= 1.4.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in StylemixThemes Consulting Elementor Widgets consulting-elementor-widgets allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Consulting Ele…
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High 7.5
WordPress Consulting theme < 6.7.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in StylemixThemes Consulting consulting allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Consulting: from n/a through < 6.7.5.
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High 7.1
Nagios XI < 2024R1.1.4 Authenticated Local File Inclusion via NagVis
Nagios XI versions prior to 2024R1.1.4 contain a local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability via its NagVis integration. An authenticated user can supply crafted path values that cause the server to include local files, potentially exposing sensitive information…
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High 7.5
WordPress Majestic Support plugin <= 1.0.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Majestic Support Majestic Support majestic-support allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Majestic Support: from n/a through <…
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High 7.5
WordPress SmartMag theme <= 10.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeSphere SmartMag smart-mag allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SmartMag: from n/a through <= 10.3.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress Eduma theme <= 5.7.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThimPress Eduma eduma allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Eduma: from n/a through <= 5.7.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Edge CPT plugin <= 1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Edge-Themes Edge CPT allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Edge CPT: from n/a through 1.4.
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Critical 9.8
Local File Inclusion in ArkSigner's AcBakImzala
Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere, Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ArkSigner Software and Hardware Inc. AcBakImzala allows PHP Local File Inclusion…
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High 7.5
WordPress Houzez Theme - Functionality plugin <= 4.1.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in favethemes Houzez Theme - Functionality houzez-theme-functionality.This issue affects Houzez Theme - Functionality: from n/a through <= 4.…
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High 8.1
WordPress Grevo theme <= 2.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themesion Grevo grevo.This issue affects Grevo: from n/a through <= 2.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress EduMall Theme < 4.4.5 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove EduMall edumall allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects EduMall: from n/a through < 4.4.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Xcare theme < 6.5 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in designervily Xcare xcare allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Xcare: from n/a through < 6.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Billey Theme < 2.1.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Billey billey allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Billey: from n/a through < 2.1.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Medizin Theme < 1.9.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Medizin medizin allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Medizin: from n/a through < 1.9.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Businext theme < 2.4.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Businext businext allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Businext: from n/a through < 2.4.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress SmilePure Theme < 1.8.5 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove SmilePure smilepure allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SmilePure: from n/a through < 1.8.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Karzo theme < 2.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in designervily Karzo karzo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Karzo: from n/a through < 2.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress WoodMart theme < 8.3.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in xtemos WoodMart woodmart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WoodMart: from n/a through < 8.3.2.
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High 7.5
WordPress JetReviews plugin <= 3.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Crocoblock JetReviews jet-reviews allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects JetReviews: from n/a through <= 3.0.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress WP Abstracts plugin <= 2.7.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Kevon Adonis WP Abstracts wp-abstracts-manuscripts-manager allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Abstracts: from n/a throu…
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High 7.5
WordPress Testimonial Slider and Showcase Pro plugin <= 2.1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme Testimonial Slider And Showcase Pro testimonial-slider-showcase-pro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Testimo…
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High 7.5
Category and Products Accordion Panel <= 1.0 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Woocommerce Category and Products Accordion Panel plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.0 via the 'categoryaccordionpanel' shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Con…
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Critical 9.8
WP Travel Engine – Tour Booking Plugin – Tour Operator Software <= 6.6.7 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The WP Travel Engine – Tour Booking Plugin – Tour Operator Software plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 6.6.7 via the mode parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include …
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Critical 9.8
JoomSport <= 5.7.3 - Unauthenticated Directory Traversal to Local File Inclusion
The JoomSport – for Sports: Team & League, Football, Hockey & more plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 5.7.3 via the task parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include a…
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High 8.1
Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light <= 4.3.34 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.3.34 via the 'language' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary .php …