Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress Blogprise theme <= 1.0.9 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Blogprise blogprise allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blogprise: from n/a through <= 1.0.9.
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High 8.1
WordPress Blogvy theme <= 1.0.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Blogvy blogvy allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blogvy: from n/a through <= 1.0.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Magty theme <= 1.0.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Magty magty allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Magty: from n/a through <= 1.0.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Magways theme <= 1.2.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Magways magways allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Magways: from n/a through <= 1.2.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Magze theme <= 1.0.9 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Magze magze allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Magze: from n/a through <= 1.0.9.
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High 7.5
WordPress AI Mortgage Calculator <= 1.0.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in choicehomemortgage AI Mortgage Calculator allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects AI Mortgage Calculator: from n/a through 1.0…
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High 7.5
WordPress External Store for Shopify plugin <= 1.5.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Fahad Mahmood External Store for Shopify wp-shopify allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects External Store for Shopify: from n/…
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High 7.5
WordPress BRW plugin <= 1.8.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ovatheme BRW ova-brw allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects BRW: from n/a through <= 1.8.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress WP Multilang plugin <= 2.4.19 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Magazine3 WP Multilang wp-multilang allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Multilang: from n/a through <= 2.4.19.
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High 7.5
WordPress WP Travel Engine plugin <= 6.5.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WP Travel Engine WP Travel Engine wp-travel-engine allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Travel Engine: from n/a through <…
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Critical 9.0
WordPress Motors - Events plugin <= 1.4.7 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in StylemixThemes Motors - Events stm-motors-events allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Motors - Events: from n/a through <= 1…
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Medium 5.9
A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in Sitecom WLX-2006 Wall Mount Range Extender N300 v1.5 and before, w…
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High 8.1
WordPress Capie theme <= 1.0.40 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ApusTheme Capie capie allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Capie: from n/a through <= 1.0.40.
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High 8.1
WordPress Vizeon theme < 1.2.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Vizeon - Business Consulting vizeon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Vizeon - Business Consulting: from n/a throu…
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High 8.1
WordPress La Boom <= 2.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in SpyroPress La Boom allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects La Boom: from n/a through 2.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Enzio - Responsive Business WordPress Theme theme < 1.2.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Enzio - Responsive Business WordPress Theme enzio allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Enzio - Responsive Business Wo…
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High 8.1
WordPress Kiamo - Responsive Business Service WordPress Theme <= 1.3.3 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Kiamo - Responsive Business Service WordPress Theme allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Kiamo - Responsive Business…
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High 8.1
WordPress Ogami theme <= 1.53 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ApusTheme Ogami ogami allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ogami: from n/a through <= 1.53.
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High 8.1
WordPress Butcher theme <= 2.40 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ApusTheme Butcher butcher allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Butcher: from n/a through <= 2.40.
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High 8.1
WordPress Yozi theme <= 2.0.63 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ApusTheme Yozi yozi allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Yozi: from n/a through <= 2.0.63.
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High 8.1
WordPress Oxpitan theme <= 1.3.5 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Oxpitan oxpitan allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Oxpitan: from n/a through <= 1.3.5.
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High 8.1
WordPress Healsoul theme <= 2.2.3 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeMove Healsoul healsoul allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Healsoul: from n/a through <= 2.2.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Winnex theme <= 1.3.2 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Winnex winnex allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Winnex: from n/a through <= 1.3.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Backpack Traveler theme <= 2.10.2 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Backpack Traveler backpacktraveler allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Backpack Traveler: from n/a through <=…
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High 8.1
WordPress Wilmër theme < 3.4.2 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Wilmër wilmer allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Wilmër: from n/a through < 3.4.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Nasa Core Plugin <= 6.3.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in NasaTheme Nasa Core nasa-core allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Nasa Core: from n/a through <= 6.3.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Ads Pro plugin <= 4.89 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in scripteo Ads Pro ap-plugin-scripteo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ads Pro: from n/a through <= 4.89.
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High 7.5
WordPress Meta Keywords & Description plugin <= 0.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in svil4ok Meta Keywords & Description wp-meta-keywords-meta-description allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Meta Keywords & D…
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Critical 9.8
WordPress Fable Extra plugin <= 1.0.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WPFable Fable Extra fable-extra allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fable Extra: from n/a through <= 1.0.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress SEUR Oficial plugin <= 2.2.23 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in SEUR OFICIAL SEUR Oficial seur allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SEUR Oficial: from n/a through <= 2.2.23.
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High 8.1
WordPress WP Job Portal plugin <= 2.3.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wpjobportal WP Job Portal wp-job-portal allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Job Portal: from n/a through <= 2.3.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress WP Smart Import plugin <= 1.1.3 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Xylus Themes WP Smart Import wp-smart-import allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Smart Import: from n/a through <= 1.1.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Social Login and Register plugin <= 7.6.10 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in miniOrange WordPress Social Login and Register miniorange-login-openid allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WordPress Social…
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High 8.1
WordPress miniOrange Discord Integration plugin <= 2.2.2 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in miniOrange miniOrange Discord Integration miniorange-discord-integration allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects miniOrange Dis…
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High 8.1
WordPress Tourmaster plugin <= 5.3.8 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in GoodLayers Tourmaster tourmaster allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Tourmaster: from n/a through <= 5.3.8.
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Medium 6.5
Local File Inclusion vulnerability in Vasco v3.14and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information vi…
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High 8.3
WordPress SUMO Reward Points plugin <= 30.7.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in FantasticPlugins SUMO Reward Points rewardsystem allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SUMO Reward Points: from n/a through <…
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Critical 9.8
WordPress WPAMS plugin <= 44.0 - Local File Inclusion to Privilege Escalation vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in mojoomla WPAMS apartment-management allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WPAMS: from n/a through <= 44.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress WhatsApp Click to Chat Plugin for WordPress plugin <= 2.2.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Indie_Plugins WhatsApp Click to Chat Plugin for WordPress wpt-whatsapp.This issue affects WhatsApp Click to Chat Plugin for WordPress: fro…
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High 8.1
WordPress Foton theme <= 2.5.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Mikado-Themes Foton foton allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Foton: from n/a through <= 2.5.2.