Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 8.1
WordPress FW Gallery plugin <= 8.0.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Fastw3b LLC FW Gallery fw-gallery allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects FW Gallery: from n/a through <= 8.0.0.
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Critical 10.0
Convey Panel Directory Traversal in LocaleController leading to Remote Code Execution
Convoy is a KVM server management panel for hosting businesses. In versions 3.9.0-rc3 to before 4.4.1, there is a directory traversal vulnerability in the LocaleController component of Performave Convoy. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vul…
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High 7.5
WordPress Classified Listing plugin <= 4.2.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme Classified Listing classified-listing allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Classified Listing: from n/a through …
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High 7.5
WordPress HUSKY plugin <= 1.3.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RealMag777 HUSKY woocommerce-products-filter allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects HUSKY: from n/a through <= 1.3.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress CozyStay theme < 1.7.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LoftOcean CozyStay cozystay allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CozyStay: from n/a through < 1.7.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress DSK theme < 2.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme DSK dsk allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects DSK: from n/a through < 2.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Evon theme <= 3.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme Evon snsevon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Evon: from n/a through <= 3.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress Simen theme <= 4.6 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme Simen snssimen allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Simen: from n/a through <= 4.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress WPGYM <= 65.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in mojoomla WPGYM allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects WPGYM: from n/a through 65.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress School Management <= 93.0.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in mojoomla School Management allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects School Management: from n/a through 93.0.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Fana theme <= 1.1.28 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Fana fana allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Fana: from n/a through <= 1.1.28.
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High 8.1
WordPress Lasa theme <= 1.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Lasa lasa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lasa: from n/a through <= 1.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Besa theme <= 2.3.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Besa besa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Besa: from n/a through <= 2.3.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Ruza theme <= 1.0.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Ruza ruza allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ruza: from n/a through <= 1.0.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Nika theme <= 1.2.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Nika nika allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Nika: from n/a through <= 1.2.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Zota theme <= 1.3.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Zota zota allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Zota: from n/a through <= 1.3.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Sapa theme <= 1.1.14 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Sapa sapa allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Sapa: from n/a through <= 1.1.14.
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High 8.1
WordPress Maia theme <= 1.1.15 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Maia maia allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Maia: from n/a through <= 1.1.15.
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High 8.1
WordPress Hara theme <= 1.2.10 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Hara hara allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Hara: from n/a through <= 1.2.10.
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High 8.1
WordPress Diza theme <= 1.3.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Diza diza allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Diza: from n/a through <= 1.3.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress Aora theme <= 1.3.9 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in thembay Aora aora allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Aora: from n/a through <= 1.3.9.
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High 8.1
Zagg - Electronics & Accessories WooCommerce WordPress Theme <= 1.4.1 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The Zagg - Electronics & Accessories WooCommerce WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.1 via the load_view() function that is called via at least three AJAX actions: 'load_more_post…
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High 8.1
WordPress TinySalt theme < 3.10.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in LoftOcean TinySalt tinysalt allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects TinySalt: from n/a through < 3.10.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress BodyCenter - Gym, Fitness WooCommerce WordPress Theme <= 2.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme BodyCenter - Gym, Fitness WooCommerce WordPress Theme allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects BodyCenter - Gym, Fitne…
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High 8.1
WordPress Fitrush <= 1.3.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BZOTheme Fitrush allows PHP Local File Inclusion. This issue affects Fitrush: from n/a through 1.3.4.
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High 8.1
WordPress CraftXtore theme <= 1.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BZOTheme CraftXtore bw-craftxtore allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects CraftXtore: from n/a through <= 1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Nitan theme <= 2.9 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme Nitan snsnitan allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Nitan: from n/a through <= 2.9.
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High 8.1
WordPress Lab Theme <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in axiomthemes Lab lab allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Lab: from n/a through <= 1.0.0.
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High 8.1
WordPress Petito theme < 1.6.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BZOTheme Petito bw-petito allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Petito: from n/a through < 1.6.6.
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High 8.1
WordPress Avaz theme <= 2.8 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme Avaz snsavaz allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Avaz: from n/a through <= 2.8.
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High 8.1
WordPress GiftXtore theme < 1.7.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BZOTheme GiftXtore bw-giftxtore allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects GiftXtore: from n/a through < 1.7.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Valen - Sport, Fashion WooCommerce WordPress Theme <= 2.4 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme Valen - Sport, Fashion WooCommerce WordPress Theme valen allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Valen - Sport, Fashio…
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High 8.1
WordPress SNS Anton theme <= 4.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in snstheme SNS Anton snsanton allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SNS Anton: from n/a through <= 4.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Krowd theme < 1.5.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in gavias Krowd krowd allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Krowd: from n/a through < 1.5.0.
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High 7.5
WordPress Revo theme <= 4.0.26 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in magentech Revo revo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Revo: from n/a through <= 4.0.26.
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High 8.1
WordPress WP Event Manager plugin <= 3.1.51 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WP Event Manager WP Event Manager wp-event-manager allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects WP Event Manager: from n/a through <…
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High 8.1
WordPress Essential Real Estate plugin <= 5.2.9 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in g5theme Essential Real Estate essential-real-estate allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Essential Real Estate: from n/a thr…
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High 8.1
WordPress Blogbyte theme <= 1.1.1 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Blogbyte blogbyte allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blogbyte: from n/a through <= 1.1.1.
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High 8.1
WordPress Blogmine theme <= 1.1.7 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Blogmine blogmine allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blogmine: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.
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High 8.1
WordPress Blogty theme <= 1.0.11 - Local File Inclusion Vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in unfoldwp Blogty blogty allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Blogty: from n/a through <= 1.0.11.