Weakness (CWE)
CWE-98: PHP Remote File Inclusion"
The PHP application receives input from an upstream component, but it does not restrict or incorrectly restricts the input before its usage in "require," "include," or similar functions.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
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Architecture and Design
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent lists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
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Architecture and Design, Operation
Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Source: MITRE CWE-98
1,361 results · Feed
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High 7.5
WordPress All Bootstrap Blocks plugin <= 1.3.20 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in all_bootstrap_blocks All Bootstrap Blocks all-bootstrap-blocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects All Bootstrap Blocks: fr…
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High 8.1
Soledad <= 8.5.9 - Unauthenticated Limited Local File Inclusion
The Soledad theme for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 8.5.9 via several functions like penci_archive_more_post_ajax_func, penci_more_post_ajax_func, and penci_more_featured_post_ajax_func. This makes it po…
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High 8.2
Local File Inclusion
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities allow access to sensitive system information. Affected products: ABB ASPECT - Enterprise v3.08.02; NEXUS Series v3.08.02; MATRIX Series v3.08.02
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High 8.8
Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials <= 3.3.3 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Free Responsive Testimonials, Social Proof Reviews, and Customer Reviews – Stars Testimonials plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.3 via the 'stars-testimonials-with-slider-and-masonry-grid' …
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High 8.1
WordPress Cryptocurrency Widgets For Elementor plugin <= 1.6.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Cool Plugins Cryptocurrency Widgets For Elementor cryptocurrency-widgets-for-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects …
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High 7.5
WordPress Absolute Addons For Elementor plugin <= 1.0.14 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in AbsolutePlugins Absolute Addons For Elementor absolute-addons allows Local Code Inclusion.This issue affects Absolute Addons For Elementor…
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High 7.5
WordPress Shopready plugin <= 3.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in quomodosoft Shopready shopready-elementor-addon allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Shopready: from n/a through <= 3.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress Pricing table addon for elementor plugin <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Ibrahim Pricing table addon for elementor pricing-table-addon-for-elementor allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Pricing tab…
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High 7.5
WordPress Office Locator plugin <= 1.3.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in WebbyTemplate Office Locator office-locator.This issue affects Office Locator: from n/a through <= 1.3.0.
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High 8.8
LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor <= 1.4.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The LA-Studio Element Kit for Elementor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.2 via the _load_template function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access a…
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High 8.8
Contact Form 7 Email Add on <= 1.9 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Contact Form 7 Email Add on plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.9 via the cf7_email_add_on_add_admin_template() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-l…
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High 7.5
WordPress nBlocks plugin <= 1.0.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in officialprocoders nBlocks nblocks allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects nBlocks: from n/a through <= 1.0.2.
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High 8.1
WordPress Ads Booster by Ads Pro plugin <= 1.12 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Peter Ads Booster by Ads Pro free-wp-booster-by-ads-pro allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Ads Booster by Ads Pro: from n/…
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Medium 5.3
WordPress Classified Listing plugin <= 3.1.16 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in RadiusTheme Classified Listing classified-listing allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Classified Listing: from n/a through …
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High 8.1
WordPress ZIJ KART plugin <= 1.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Shoaib Rehmat ZIJ KART zij-kart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects ZIJ KART: from n/a through <= 1.1.
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Critical 9.8
Chartify – WordPress Chart Plugin <= 2.9.5 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion via source
The Chartify – WordPress Chart Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.5 via the 'source' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary file…
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Critical 9.8
Category Ajax Filter <= 2.8.2 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion
The Category Ajax Filter plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.8.2 via the 'params[caf-post-layout]' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary …
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High 8.8
WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce <= 4.2.1 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Local File Inclusion
The WPC Smart Messages for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.1 via the get_condition_value function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level acces…
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High 7.5
WordPress NewsCard theme <= 1.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse NewsCard newscard.This issue affects NewsCard: from n/a through <= 1.3.
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High 7.5
WordPress Meta News theme <= 1.1.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Meta News meta-news.This issue affects Meta News: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.
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High 7.5
WordPress Clean Retina theme <= 3.0.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Clean Retina clean-retina.This issue affects Clean Retina: from n/a through <= 3.0.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress Qode Essential Addons plugin <= 1.6.3 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Qode Qode Essential Addons qode-essential-addons.This issue affects Qode Essential Addons: from n/a through <= 1.6.3.
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High 8.1
WordPress Advanced Online Ordering and Delivery Platform plugin <= 2.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wdesco Advanced Online Ordering and Delivery Platform advanced-online-ordering-and-delivery-platform allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This …
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High 7.2
WordPress Post Grid Layouts with Pagination – Sogrid <= 1.5.6 - Authenticated (Admin+) Local File Inclusion
The WordPress Post Grid Layouts with Pagination – Sogrid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.6 via the 'tab' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-lev…
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High 7.5
WordPress Qi Blocks plugin <= 1.3.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Qode Qi Blocks qi-blocks.This issue affects Qi Blocks: from n/a through <= 1.3.2.
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High 7.5
WordPress Mags theme <= 1.1.6 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in themehorse Mags mags.This issue affects Mags: from n/a through <= 1.1.6.
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High 7.5
WordPress Dynamic Elementor Addons plugin <= 1.0.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ramjon27 Dynamic Elementor Addons dynamic-elementor-addons allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Dynamic Elementor Addons: fr…
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High 7.5
WordPress Point Maker plugin <= 0.1.4 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ZIPANG Point Maker point-maker allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Point Maker: from n/a through <= 0.1.4.
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High 7.5
WordPress SB Random Posts Widget plugin <= 1.0 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Hung Trang Si SB Random Posts Widget sb-random-posts-widget allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects SB Random Posts Widget: fro…
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High 7.5
WordPress Maan Addons For Elementor plugin <= 1.0.1 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Acnoo Maan Addons For Elementor maan-elementor-addons allows Local Code Inclusion.This issue affects Maan Addons For Elementor: from n/a t…
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High 8.8
FormosaSoft ee-class - Local File Inclusion
The ee-class from FormosaSoft does not properly validate a specific page parameter, allowing remote attackers with regular privileges to upload a malicious PHP file first and then exploit this vulnerability to include the file, resulting in arbitrary code exe…
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High 8.1
WordPress WP Timeline plugin <= 3.6.7 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Ex-Themes WP Timeline – Vertical and Horizontal timeline plugin wp-timelines.This issue affects WP Timeline – Vertical and Horizontal time…
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High 8.1
WordPress ABCApp Creator plugin <= 1.1.2 - Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in abcapp ABCApp Creator abcapp-creator.This issue affects ABCApp Creator: from n/a through <= 1.1.2.
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Critical 9.8
Optigo Networks ONS-S8 Spectra Aggregation Switch PHP Remote File Inclusion
The web service for ONS-S8 - Spectra Aggregation Switch includes functions which do not properly validate user input, allowing an attacker to traverse directories, bypass authentication, and execute remote code.
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Medium 6.5
WordPress Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce plugin <= 1.9.10 - Authenticated Local File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in wpWax Product Carousel Slider & Grid Ultimate for WooCommerce woo-product-carousel-slider-and-grid-ultimate.This issue affects Product Car…
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High 8.8CVE-2024-8252 Scanner template
Clean Login <= 1.14.5 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The Clean Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.14.5 via the 'template' attribute of the clean-login-register shortcode. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-le…
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High 8.1CVE-2024-5762 EPSS 72%
Zen Cart findPluginAdminPage Local File Inclusion Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Zen Cart findPluginAdminPage Local File Inclusion Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Zen Cart. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. Th…
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Critical 9.6
WordPress Compute Links plugin <= 1.2.1 - Remote File Inclusion vulnerability
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in Hamed Naderfar Compute Links allows PHP Remote File Inclusion.This issue affects Compute Links: from n/a through 1.2.1.
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Medium 6.5
Element Pack Elementor Addons (Header Footer, Template Library, Dynamic Grid & Carousel, Remote Arrows) <= 5.7.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Arbitrary File Read
The Element Pack Elementor Addons (Header Footer, Template Library, Dynamic Grid & Carousel, Remote Arrows) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file reads in all versions up to, and including, 5.7.2 via the SVG widget and a lack of sufficient file…
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High 8.8
LearnPress <= 4.2.6.8.2 - Authenticated (Contributor+) Local File Inclusion
The LearnPress – WordPress LMS Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.2.6.8.2 via the 'render_content_block_template' function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contrib…