Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
-
Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
-
Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
-
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
2,172 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
High 7.3
VStarcam O-KAM SuperIPCam P2P Session Teardown SuperIPCam.exe FUN_005a2d44 use after free
A vulnerability was determined in VStarcam O-KAM SuperIPCam 1.3.3.32. Affected by this issue is the function FUN_005a2d44 of the file SuperIPCam.exe of the component P2P Session Teardown. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack can be initiated re…
-
High 7.3
VStarcam O-KAM Client DevDll_925.dll FUN_10003EA0 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in VStarcam O-KAM Client 1.3.3.32. Affected by this vulnerability is the function FUN_10003EA0 in the library DevDll_925.dll. The manipulation results in stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The …
-
High 7.5
Ruijie RG-ES205GC Local Firmware Upgrade httpupg.cgi buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Ruijie RG-ES205GC, RG-ES206GC-P, RG-ES208GC, RG-ES210GC-LP and RG-ES210GS-P ESW_1.0(1)B1P48. Impacted is an unknown function of the file httpupg.cgi of the component Local Firmware Upgrade Interface. The manipulation leads to…
-
High 8.8CVE-2026-120232 Public exploit
Horizon DataSys Reboot Restore Standard Kernel Driver shield.sys sub_23908 memory corruption
A vulnerability was identified in Horizon DataSys Reboot Restore Standard up to 13.2. The impacted element is the function sub_23908 in the library shield.sys of the component Kernel Driver. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can only be…
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the CSS Transitions and Animations component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the CSS Transitions and Animations component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the WebRTC component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the WebRTC component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Text and Fonts component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Text and Fonts component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Scrolling and Overflow component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Scrolling and Overflow component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebRender component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebRender component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Service Workers component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Service Workers component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Text and Fonts component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Text and Fonts component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the SVG component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the SVG component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Block and Inline component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Block and Inline component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Tables component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Tables component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Text component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Text component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Tables component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Tables component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 159, Firefox ESR 115.44, Firefox ESR 153.6, Thunderbird 159, and Thunderbird 153.6.
-
High 7.3
Tencent RapidJSON Regex stream.h Take out-of-bounds
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tencent RapidJSON up to 1.1.0. This issue affects the function GenericStringStream<UTF8<char>>::Take in the library include/rapidjson/stream.h of the component Regex Parser. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds…
-
High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.…
-
High 8.8CVE-2026-112688 Public exploit
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7,…
-
High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2. An app may be abl…
-
High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8.…
-
High 7.5
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Seq…
-
High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2. A remote attacker…
-
High 8.2
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Ga…
-
High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 an…
-
High 7.3
libimobiledevice AFC Service afc.c service_receive double free
A weakness has been identified in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. This issue affects the function service_receive of the file src/afc.c of the component AFC Service. Executing a manipulation can lead to double free. The attack may be performed from remote. The …
-
High 7.0
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8 Command Line Interface
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the command line interface of AOS-8. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected interface, along with limited access to or modif…
-
High 7.1
Unauthenticated Adjacent Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-10 or AOS-8
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the underlying operating system of AOS-10 or AOS-8 and could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrup…
-
High 7.2
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the PAPI protocol of AOS-8 could allow an authenticated remote attacker with high privileges to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on…
-
High 7.5
Unauthenticated Memory Corruption Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8
An unauthenticated memory corruption vulnerability exists in a service accessed via the PAPI protocol in AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrup…
-
High 7.5
Unauthenticated Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities lead to Denial-of-Service in AOS-10
Memory corruption vulnerabilities in AOS-10 could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected service.
-
High 7.8
Authenticated Local Memory Corruption Vulnerability leads to Arbitrary Code Execution in AOS-8
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in AOS-8 that could allow an authenticated local attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
-
High 8.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the command line interface of AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the attacker's control are met. Successful e…
-
High 8.1
Multiple Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web Interface result in Remote Code Execution
Vulnerabilities in multiple web interface endpoints of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow by using specially crafted requests. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands…
-
High 8.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow allows Remote Code Execution in web interface
A vulnerability in a certain web interface endpoint of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system,…
-
High 8.2
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PAPI protocol of AOS-8. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected service on the controller, with a limited impact to its i…