Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,721 results · Feed
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
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High 8.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.6, iOS 18.7.10…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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Medium 5.0
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6. A …
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
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Critical 9.8
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, i…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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High 7.7
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, macOS Sequoia 1…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, macOS Seq…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-43682 Public exploit
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18…
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
-
Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8…
-
High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
-
High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, iOS 26.7 and iPad…
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Critical 9.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18.7.10, iOS 26.6 …
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Low 3.3
ggml-org whisper.cpp log_mel_spectrogram out-of-bounds
A vulnerability has been found in ggml-org whisper.cpp 1.8.4-58. This impacts the function log_mel_spectrogram of the file src/whisper.cpp. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be performed locally. The pull request to fix this is…
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High 7.1
net: af_key: initialize alg_key_len for IPComp states
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: af_key: initialize alg_key_len for IPComp states pfkey_msg2xfrm_state() handles the IPComp (SADB_X_SATYPE_IPCOMP) case by allocating x->calg and copying only the algorithm name: x->calg …
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Thunderbird ESR 140.13
Memory safety bugs present in Thunderbird ESR 140.12. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox ESR 115…
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Thunderbird ESR 140.13 and Thunderbird 153
Memory safety bugs present in Thunderbird ESR 140.12 and Thunderbird 152. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixe…
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Thunderbird ESR 140.13 and Thunderbird 153
Memory safety bugs present in Thunderbird ESR 140.12 and Thunderbird 152. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixe…
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Thunderbird 153
Memory safety bugs present in Thunderbird 152. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153 and Thunde…
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Critical 9.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: GMP component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: GMP component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 115.38, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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Critical 9.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153 and Thunderbird 153.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 115.38, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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Critical 10.0
Sandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Disability Access APIs component
Sandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Disability Access APIs component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153 and Thunderbird 153.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript: WebAssembly component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript: WebAssembly component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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Critical 9.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153 and Thunderbird 153.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: cubeb component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: cubeb component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 153, Firefox ESR 115.38, Firefox ESR 140.13, Thunderbird 153, and Thunderbird 140.13.
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High 8.8
Tenda AC10 httpd/netctrl AdvSetLanip fromAdvSetLanip stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC10 16.03.10.09_multi_TDE01. This issue affects the function fromAdvSetLanip of the file /goform/AdvSetLanip of the component httpd/netctrl. The manipulation of the argument GetValue/SetValue results in stack-based buffer o…
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High 7.8
ieee802154: 6lowpan: only accept IPv6 packets in lowpan_xmit()
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ieee802154: 6lowpan: only accept IPv6 packets in lowpan_xmit() The aoe driver (or similar) generates a non-IPv6 packet (e.g., ETH_P_AOE) and queues it for transmission via dev_queue_xmit() on…
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Medium 6.3
davenardella snap7 s7_peer.cpp NegotiatePDULength out-of-bounds write
A security flaw has been discovered in davenardella snap7 up to 1.4.3. The impacted element is the function TSnap7Peer::NegotiatePDULength of the file src/core/s7_peer.cpp. The manipulation of the argument PDULength results in out-of-bounds write. The attack …
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High 8.8
Shibby Tomato Scheduler Name sub_42537C stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Shibby Tomato 1.28. This vulnerability affects the function sub_42537C of the component Scheduler Name Handler. The manipulation of the argument a1 results in stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remote…
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High 8.8
Shibby Tomato webmon_recent_domains sub_40BB50 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Shibby Tomato 1.28 RT-N5x MIPSR2 Build 124. This affects the function sub_40BB50 of the file /proc/webmon_recent_domains. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. …