Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,721 results · Feed
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High 8.8
Tenda AC15 SysToolChangePwd websGetVar stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC15 15.03.05.18. This affects the function websGetVar of the file /goform/SysToolChangePwd. Such manipulation of the argument oldPwd/newPwd/cfmPwd leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remote…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-645 hedwig.cgi hedwigcgi_main stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-645 1.01/1.02/1.03. Impacted is the function hedwigcgi_main of the file /cgi-bin/hedwig.cgi. The manipulation results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and…
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Medium 6.9
cryptography has a buffer overflow if non-contiguous buffers were passed to APIs
cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. From 45.0.0 to before 46.0.7, if a non-contiguous buffer was passed to APIs which accepted Python buffers (e.g. Hash.update()), this could lead to buffer o…
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High 7.5
Kamailio Core: TCP Data Processing Vulnerability
Kamailio is an open source implementation of a SIP Signaling Server. Prior to 6.1.1, 6.0.6, and 5.8.8, an out-of-bounds access in the core of Kamailio (formerly OpenSER and SER) allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a specia…
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High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: WebGPU component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149.0.2 and Thunderbird 149.0.2.
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Critical 9.8
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox ESR 115.34.1, Firefox ESR 140.9.1, Thunderbird ESR 140.9.1, Firefox 149.0.2 and Thunderbird 149.0.2
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox ESR 115.34.0, Firefox ESR 140.9.0, Thunderbird ESR 140.9.0, Firefox 149.0.1 and Thunderbird 149.0.1. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have …
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High 8.8
Tenda CX12L NatStaticSetting fromNatStaticSetting stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Tenda CX12L 16.03.53.12. This issue affects the function fromNatStaticSetting of the file /goform/NatStaticSetting. This manipulation of the argument page causes stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remote…
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High 8.8
Tenda CX12L RouteStatic fromRouteStatic stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda CX12L 16.03.53.12. This vulnerability affects the function fromRouteStatic of the file /goform/RouteStatic. The manipulation of the argument page results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched r…
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High 8.8
Tenda CX12L addressNat fromAddressNat stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda CX12L 16.03.53.12. This affects the function fromAddressNat of the file /goform/addressNat. The manipulation of the argument page leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit i…
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High 8.0
Tenda CX12L webExcptypemanFilter fromwebExcptypemanFilter stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda CX12L 16.03.53.12. Affected by this issue is the function fromwebExcptypemanFilter of the file /goform/webExcptypemanFilter. Executing a manipulation of the argument page can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The att…
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Medium 5.5
Tenda CX12L P2pListFilter fromP2pListFilter stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda CX12L 16.03.53.12. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromP2pListFilter of the file /goform/P2pListFilter. Performing a manipulation of the argument page results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack must or…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formSetFirewall stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. The affected element is the function formSetFirewall of the file /goform/formSetFirewall. The manipulation of the argument webpage results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remot…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 Setting formSetSystemSettings stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. Impacted is the function formSetSystemSettings of the file /goform/formSetSystemSettings of the component Setting Handler. The manipulation of the argument webpage leads to stack-based buff…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formSetPassword stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. Impacted is the function formSetPassword of the file /goform/formSetPassword. The manipulation of the argument webpage results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. …
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formReboot stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. This issue affects the function formReboot of the file /goform/formReboot. The manipulation of the argument webpage leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The explo…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formWlEncrypt stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. This vulnerability affects the function formWlEncrypt of the file /goform/formWlEncrypt. Executing a manipulation of the argument webpage can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be laun…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formCrossBandSwitch stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. This affects the function formCrossBandSwitch of the file /goform/formCrossBandSwitch. Performing a manipulation of the argument webpage results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated r…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1015 formWISP5G stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Belkin F9K1015 1.00.10. Affected by this issue is the function formWISP5G of the file /goform/formWISP5G. Such manipulation of the argument webpage leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack rem…
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High 8.8
Tenda i12 Parameter wifiSSIDset formwrlSSIDset stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in Tenda i12 1.0.0.11(3862). Affected by this vulnerability is the function formwrlSSIDset of the file /goform/wifiSSIDset of the component Parameter Handler. This manipulation of the argument index/wl_radio causes stack-based buffer ove…
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High 8.8
Belkin F9K1122 formWlanSetup stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Belkin F9K1122 1.00.33. Affected is the function formWlanSetup of the file /goform/formWlanSetup. The manipulation of the argument webpage results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exp…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 WrlExtraSet formWrlExtraSet stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. This affects the function formWrlExtraSet of the file /goform/WrlExtraSet. Executing a manipulation of the argument GO can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The expl…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 Parameter CertLocalPrecreate formCertLocalPrecreate stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. The impacted element is the function formCertLocalPrecreate of the file /goform/CertLocalPrecreate of the component Parameter Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument standard results in sta…
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High 8.8
Tenda M3 Destination setAdvPolicyData buffer overflow
A flaw has been found in Tenda M3 1.0.0.10. This vulnerability affects the function setAdvPolicyData of the file /goform/setAdvPolicyData of the component Destination Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument policyType can lead to buffer overflow. Th…
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High 8.8
UTT HiPER 1250GW formNatStaticMap strcpy buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in UTT HiPER 1250GW up to 3.2.7-210907-180535. This affects the function strcpy of the file /goform/formNatStaticMap. Performing a manipulation of the argument NatBind results in buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack …
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High 8.8
Tenda AC10 httpd fromSysToolChangePwd stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC10 16.03.10.10_multi_TDE01. This affects the function fromSysToolChangePwd of the file /bin/httpd. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. Multiple endpoints might …
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High 8.8
Tenda AC10 httpd fromSysToolChangePwd stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC10 16.03.10.10_multi_TDE01. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromSysToolChangePwd of the file /bin/httpd. Performing a manipulation of the argument sys.userpass results in stack-based buffer overflow. The att…
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High 8.8
UTT HiPER 1250GW formRemoteControl stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in UTT HiPER 1250GW up to 3.2.7-210907-180535. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/formRemoteControl. The manipulation of the argument Profile results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack c…
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Medium 5.5
NASA cFS CCSDS Header Size cfe_sb_priv.c CFE_SB_TransmitMsg memory corruption
A vulnerability was determined in NASA cFS up to 7.0.0. This impacts the function CFE_SB_TransmitMsg of the file cfe_sb_priv.c of the component CCSDS Header Size Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to memory corruption. The project was informed of the …
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Medium 6.3
NASA cFS CCSDS Packet Header to_lab_passthru_encode.c CFE_MSG_GetSize heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in NASA cFS up to 7.0.0. This affects the function CFE_MSG_GetSize of the file apps/to_lab/fsw/src/to_lab_passthru_encode.c of the component CCSDS Packet Header Handler. Performing a manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow…
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High 8.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.6. Processing a maliciou…
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High 8.8
Trendnet TEW-657BRM setup.cgi update_pcdb stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. The impacted element is the function update_pcdb of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument mac_pc_dba results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely…
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High 8.8
Trendnet TEW-657BRM setup.cgi add_apcdb stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. The affected element is the function add_apcdb of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument mac_pc_dba leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The ex…
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Medium 5.3
LibRaw TIFF/NEF decoders_libraw.cpp nikon_load_padded_packed_raw out-of-bounds
A flaw has been found in LibRaw up to 0.22.0. This affects the function LibRaw::nikon_load_padded_packed_raw of the file src/decoders/decoders_libraw.cpp of the component TIFF/NEF. Executing a manipulation of the argument load_flags/raw_width can lead to out-…
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Medium 5.6
Cesanta Mongoose mDNS Record mongoose.c handle_mdns_record stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function handle_mdns_record of the file mongoose.c of the component mDNS Record Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument buf results in stack-based buffer overflow. Remote ex…
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High 7.3
Cesanta Mongoose TLS 1.3 mongoose.c mg_tls_recv_cert heap-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This affects the function mg_tls_recv_cert of the file mongoose.c of the component TLS 1.3 Handler. Such manipulation of the argument pubkey leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack may be …
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Medium 4.3
LibRaw JPEG DHT losslessjpeg.cpp initval out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in LibRaw up to 0.22.0. This impacts the function HuffTable::initval of the file src/decompressors/losslessjpeg.cpp of the component JPEG DHT Parser. This manipulation of the argument bits[] causes out-of-bounds write. It is pos…
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Medium 6.3
Nothings stb stb_vorbis.c start_decoder out-of-bounds write
A security flaw has been discovered in Nothings stb up to 1.22. This affects the function start_decoder of the file stb_vorbis.c. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been released to the pu…
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Medium 4.3
Nothings stb TTF File stb_truetype.h stbtt__buf_get8 out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in Nothings stb up to 1.26. The affected element is the function stbtt__buf_get8 in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack can be execute…
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Medium 4.3
Nothings stb TTF File stb_truetype.h stbtt_InitFont_internal out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was found in Nothings stb up to 1.26. Impacted is the function stbtt_InitFont_internal in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. Remote exploitation of the attack …
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-34159 Public exploit
llama.cpp: Unauthenticated RCE via GRAPH_COMPUTE buffer=0 bypass in llama.cpp RPC backend
llama.cpp is an inference of several LLM models in C/C++. Prior to version b8492, the RPC backend's deserialize_tensor() skips all bounds validation when a tensor's buffer field is 0. An unauthenticated attacker can read and write arbitrary process memory via…