Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,730 results · Feed
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High 8.8
D-Link DWR-M960 NTP Configuration Endpoint formNtp sub_4611CC stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in D-Link DWR-M960 1.01.07. This impacts the function sub_4611CC of the file /boafrm/formNtp of the component NTP Configuration Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument submit-url can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The at…
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High 8.8
D-Link DWR-M960 System Log Configuration Endpoint formSysLog sub_462E14 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DWR-M960 1.01.07. This affects the function sub_462E14 of the file /boafrm/formSysLog of the component System Log Configuration Endpoint. Performing a manipulation of the argument submit-url results in stack-based buffer…
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Medium 4.3
Open Babel MOL2 File atom.h SetFormalCharge out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. The impacted element is the function OBAtom::SetFormalCharge in the library include/openbabel/atom.h of the component MOL2 File Handler. The manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. It is possible to …
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Medium 4.3
Open Babel CIF File transform3d.cpp DescribeAsString out-of-bounds
A security vulnerability has been detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. The affected element is the function OpenBabel::transform3d::DescribeAsString of the file src/math/transform3d.cpp of the component CIF File Handler. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds…
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Low 3.3
FascinatedBox lily lily_emitter.c count_transforms out-of-bounds
A weakness has been identified in FascinatedBox lily up to 2.3. This vulnerability affects the function count_transforms of the file src/lily_emitter.c. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack can only be executed locally. The exploit has been…
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Low 3.3
Squirrel sqobject.h operator heap-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in Squirrel up to 3.2. This affects the function SQObjectPtr::operator in the library squirrel/sqobject.h. The manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has b…
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Low 3.3
FascinatedBox lily lily_symtab.c shorthash_for_name use after free
A vulnerability was identified in FascinatedBox lily up to 2.3. Affected by this issue is the function shorthash_for_name of the file src/lily_symtab.c. The manipulation leads to use after free. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit is…
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Low 3.3
Squirrel sqfuncstate.cpp PopTarget out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in Squirrel up to 3.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function SQFuncState::PopTarget of the file src/squirrel/squirrel/sqfuncstate.cpp. Executing a manipulation of the argument _target_stack can lead to out-of-bounds rea…
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Low 3.3
wren-lang wren Error Message wren_compiler.c printError stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in wren-lang wren up to 0.4.0. This impacts the function printError of the file src/vm/wren_compiler.c of the component Error Message Handler. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approache…
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Low 2.5
ChaiScript type_info.hpp bare_equal use after free
A flaw has been found in ChaiScript up to 6.1.0. This affects the function chaiscript::Type_Info::bare_equal of the file include/chaiscript/dispatchkit/type_info.hpp. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack requires local access. The attack's comp…
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Low 2.5
ChaiScript chaiscript_defines.hpp operator use after free
A vulnerability was detected in ChaiScript up to 6.1.0. The impacted element is the function chaiscript::str_less::operator of the file include/chaiscript/chaiscript_defines.hpp. The manipulation results in use after free. The attack requires a local approach…
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Medium 5.3
admesh normals.c stl_check_normal_vector heap-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in admesh up to 0.98.5. This issue affects the function stl_check_normal_vector of the file src/normals.c. Performing a manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be initiated from a local position.…
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Low 3.3
niklasso minisat DIMACS File SolverTypes.h value out-of-bounds
A weakness has been identified in niklasso minisat up to 2.2.0. This issue affects the function Solver::value in the library core/SolverTypes.h of the component DIMACS File Parser. This manipulation of the argument variable index with the input 2147483648 cau…
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High 7.2
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 nas.cgi sub_401218 stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 20251208. This vulnerability affects the function sub_401218 of the file /cgi-bin/nas.cgi. Performing a manipulation of the argument User1Passwd results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initi…
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High 7.2
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 adm.cgi sub_406194 stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 up to 130/260. This affects the function sub_406194 of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. Such manipulation of the argument firmware_url leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched …
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Medium 6.6
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 adm.cgi sub_40785C stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 20251208. Affected by this issue is the function sub_40785C of the file /cgi-bin/adm.cgi. This manipulation of the argument time_zone causes stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely…
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Medium 5.3
Open5GS MME esm-build.c memory corruption
A security vulnerability has been detected in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /src/mme/esm-build.c of the component MME. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit …
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Medium 5.3
Open5GS SGW-C sgwc_s5c_handle_create_session_response memory corruption
A weakness has been identified in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. This issue affects the function sgwc_s5c_handle_create_session_response of the component SGW-C. Executing a manipulation can lead to memory corruption. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit…
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Medium 6.0
Improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer in PCIe® Link could allow an attacker with acce…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.3, iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5…
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Medium 4.6
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, macOS Sequo…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3…
KEV Feb 12, 2026 -
Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.3, iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, macOS Tahoe 26.…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.3 an…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.3, iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, ma…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 4.7
Improper buffer restrictions in the firmware for the TDX Module may allow an escalation of privilege. System software a…
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Medium 5.3
ckolivas lrzip stream.c lzma_decompress_buf use after free
A vulnerability was found in ckolivas lrzip up to 0.651. This impacts the function lzma_decompress_buf of the file stream.c. Performing a manipulation results in use after free. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been made public and could be…
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Low 3.3
aardappel lobster Parsing parser.h ParseStatements memory corruption
A vulnerability has been found in aardappel lobster up to 2025.4. Affected by this issue is the function lobster::Parser::ParseStatements in the library dev/src/lobster/parser.h of the component Parsing. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack…
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Low 3.3
aardappel lobster wfc.h WaveFunctionCollapse memory corruption
A flaw has been found in aardappel lobster up to 2025.4. Affected by this vulnerability is the function WaveFunctionCollapse in the library dev/src/lobster/wfc.h. Executing a manipulation can lead to memory corruption. The attack can only be executed locally.…
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Low 3.3
AprilRobotics apriltag apriltag.c apriltag_detector_detect memory corruption
A security vulnerability has been detected in AprilRobotics apriltag up to 3.4.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function apriltag_detector_detect of the file apriltag.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack must be carried out local…
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Low 3.3
CCExtractor MPEG-TS File ts_tables.c parse_PMT out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was identified in CCExtractor up to 183. This affects the function parse_PAT/parse_PMT in the library src/lib_ccx/ts_tables.c of the component MPEG-TS File Parser. Such manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The attack can only be performed…
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Low 3.3
janet-lang janet specials.c janetc_if out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in janet-lang janet up to 1.40.1. This impacts the function janetc_if of the file src/core/specials.c. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been public…
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Low 3.3
janet-lang janet os.c os_strftime out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was found in janet-lang janet up to 1.40.1. This affects the function os_strftime of the file src/core/os.c. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. The attack must be initiated from a local position. The exploit has been made…
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Low 3.3
janet-lang janet compile.c janetc_pop_funcdef out-of-bounds
A vulnerability has been found in janet-lang janet up to 1.40.1. The impacted element is the function janetc_pop_funcdef of the file src/core/compile.c. Such manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit has bee…