Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,732 results · Feed
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-822K/DWR-M920 formFirewallAdv buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-822K and DWR-M920 1.00_20250513164613/1.1.50. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /boafrm/formFirewallAdv. Such manipulation of the argument submit-url leads to buffer overflow. The attack may be la…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-822K/DWR-M920 formDdns memory corruption
A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-822K and DWR-M920 1.00_20250513164613/1.1.50. This affects an unknown part of the file /boafrm/formDdns. This manipulation of the argument submit-url causes memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. The explo…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC21 SetSysTimeCfg stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC21 16.03.08.16. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /goform/SetSysTimeCfg. The manipulation of the argument timeZone/time leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out …
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High 8.8
Tenda AC21 SetIpMacBind stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in Tenda AC21 16.03.08.16. This affects an unknown part of the file /goform/SetIpMacBind. Executing a manipulation of the argument list can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been pu…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 WrlExtraGet formWrlExtraGet buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. Affected is the function formWrlExtraGet of the file /goform/WrlExtraGet. Performing a manipulation of the argument chkHz results in buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploi…
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High 8.8
D-Link DWR-M920/DWR-M921/DWR-M960/DIR-822K/DIR-825M formTracerouteDiagnosticRun buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DWR-M920, DWR-M921, DWR-M960, DIR-822K and DIR-825M 1.01.07. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /boafrm/formTracerouteDiagnosticRun. Executing manipulation of the argument host can lead to buffer ov…
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High 8.8
D-Link DWR-M920/DWR-M921/DWR-M960/DWR-M961/DIR-825M formPingDiagnosticRun buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DWR-M920, DWR-M921, DWR-M960, DWR-M961 and DIR-825M 1.01.07/1.1.47. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /boafrm/formPingDiagnosticRun. Performing manipulation of the argument host results in buffer…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 PPTPUserSetting fromPptpUserSetting buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. This impacts the function fromPptpUserSetting of the file /goform/PPTPUserSetting. The manipulation of the argument delno leads to buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remo…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC20 WifiExtraSet buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Tenda AC20 up to 16.03.08.12. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/WifiExtraSet. The manipulation of the argument wpapsk_crypto results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exp…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-816L soap.cgi soapcgi_main stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-816L 2_06_b09_beta. This issue affects the function soapcgi_main of the file /soap.cgi. This manipulation causes stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been pub…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-816L __ajax_exporer.sgi scandir_main stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-816L 2_06_b09_beta. This vulnerability affects the function scandir_main of the file /portal/__ajax_exporer.sgi. The manipulation of the argument en results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be performed fr…
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High 8.8
D-Link DIR-816L gena.cgi genacgi_main stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-816L 2_06_b09_beta. This affects the function genacgi_main of the file gena.cgi. The manipulation of the argument SERVER_ID/HTTP_SID leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out re…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-816L authentication.cgi authenticationcgi_main stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-816L 2_06_b09_beta. Affected by this vulnerability is the function authenticationcgi_main of the file /authentication.cgi. Performing manipulation of the argument Password results in stack-based buffer overflow. Remo…
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Medium 5.3
mruby array.c sort_cmp use after free
A vulnerability has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function sort_cmp of the file src/array.c. Such manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and …
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High 8.1
Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 145 and Thunderbird 145
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 144 and Thunderbird 144. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefo…
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Medium 5.3
mruby array.c ary_fill_exec out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in mruby 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function ary_fill_exec of the file mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/src/array.c. Executing a manipulation of the argument start/length can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack needs to be…
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High 7.3
A improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer exists in AsIO3.sys driver. This vulnerabilit…
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Medium 5.3
QuickJS quickjs.c js_array_buffer_slice buffer over-read
A weakness has been identified in QuickJS up to eb2c89087def1829ed99630cb14b549d7a98408c. This affects the function js_array_buffer_slice of the file quickjs.c. This manipulation causes buffer over-read. The attack is restricted to local execution. The exploi…
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High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.…
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High 8.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 4.9CVE-2025-43504 Public exploit
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Xcode 26.1. A user in a privilege…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 an…
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High 8.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26, iOS 26 and iPadOS 26, macOS Ta…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1.…
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Medium 4.3
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadO…
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High 8.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, ma…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC10 SysRunCmd formSysRunCmd buffer overflow
A vulnerability was determined in Tenda AC10 16.03.10.13. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formSysRunCmd of the file /goform/SysRunCmd. This manipulation of the argument getui causes buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exp…
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High 8.8
Tenda A15 openNetworkGateway fromSetWirelessRepeat buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in Tenda A15 15.13.07.13. Affected is the function fromSetWirelessRepeat of the file /goform/openNetworkGateway. The manipulation of the argument wpapsk_crypto2_4g results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The …
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High 8.8
Tenda AC8 DatabaseIniSet buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in Tenda AC8 16.03.34.06. This impacts an unknown function of the file /goform/DatabaseIniSet. The manipulation of the argument Time leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed …
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High 8.8
Tenda AC21 SetPptpServerCfg formSetPPTPServer buffer overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Tenda AC21 16.03.08.16. This vulnerability affects the function formSetPPTPServer of the file /goform/SetPptpServerCfg. The manipulation of the argument startIp leads to buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack is p…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC23 saveParentControlInfo buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.52. Affected is the function saveParentControlInfo of the file /goform/saveParentControlInfo. Such manipulation of the argument Time leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attac…
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High 8.8
Tenda AC23 SetVirtualServerCfg formSetVirtualSer buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in Tenda AC23 16.03.07.52. This impacts the function formSetVirtualSer of the file /goform/SetVirtualServerCfg. This manipulation of the argument list causes buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The e…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 NatStaticSetting fromNatStaticSetting buffer overflow
A flaw has been found in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. Affected by this issue is the function fromNatStaticSetting of the file /goform/NatStaticSetting. Executing a manipulation of the argument page can lead to buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remot…
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Medium 4.7
ImageMagick CLAHE : Unsigned underflow and division-by-zero lead to OOB pointer arithmetic and process crash (DoS)
ImageMagick is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. ImageMagick versions prior to 7.1.2-8 are vulnerable to denial-of-service due to unsigned integer underflow and division-by-zero in the CLAHEImage function. When tile width or…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 P2pListFilter fromP2pListFilter buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function fromP2pListFilter of the file /goform/P2pListFilter. The manipulation of the argument page leads to buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the at…
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High 8.8
Tenda CH22 webExcptypemanFilter fromwebExcptypemanFilter buffer overflow
A weakness has been identified in Tenda CH22 1.0.0.1. Affected is the function fromwebExcptypemanFilter of the file /goform/webExcptypemanFilter. Executing a manipulation of the argument page can lead to buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. T…