Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
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Medium 6.3
Anvsoft PDFMate PDF Converter Pro memory corruption
A vulnerability has been found in Anvsoft PDFMate PDF Converter Pro 1.7.5.0 and classified as critical. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
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Medium 5.9
A CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists that could caus…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in PADS Standard/Plus Viewer (All versions). The affected application contains a st…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in PADS Standard/Plus Viewer (All versions). The affected application contains a st…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in PADS Standard/Plus Viewer (All versions). The affected application contains a st…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in EN100 Ethernet module DNP3 IP variant (All versions), EN100 Ethernet module IEC …
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High 8.2
NVIDIA DGX A100 contains a vulnerability in SBIOS in the BiosCfgTool, where a local user with elevated privileges can r…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg decode_pulses memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_pulses. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
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High 7.3
FFmpeg lag_decode_frame memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function lag_decode_frame. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this i…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg Truemotion1 truemotion1_decode_header memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function truemotion1_decode_header of the component Truemotion1 Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launche…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg Bitstream Buffer shorten_decode_frame memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function shorten_decode_frame of the component Bitstream Buffer. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is r…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg cmv_process_header memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function cmv_process_header. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
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High 7.3
FFmpeg decode_update_thread_context memory corruption
A vulnerability has been found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects the function decode_update_thread_context. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patc…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg Slice Segment decode_nal_unit memory corruption
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_nal_unit of the component Slice Segment Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg decode_slice_header memory corruption
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this issue is the function decode_slice_header. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patc…
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High 7.3
FFmpeg rpza_decode_stream memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in FFmpeg 2.0. This vulnerability affects the function rpza_decode_stream. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. The name of the patch is Fixes Invalid Writes. It is…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg utils.c ff_init_buffer_info memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function ff_init_buffer_info of the file utils.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a…
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High 7.3
FFmpeg read_var_block_data memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected is the function read_var_block_data. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg HEVC Video Decoder memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component HEVC Video Decoder. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. It is recommen…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg msrle.c msrle_decode_frame memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function msrle_decode_frame of the file libavcodec/msrle.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to a…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg h64.c decode_slice_header memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function decode_slice_header of the file libavcodec/h64.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommende…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg snow.h add_yblock memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function add_yblock of the file libavcodec/snow.h. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg oggparsevorbis.c vorbis_header memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected is the function vorbis_header of the file libavformat/oggparsevorbis.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommend…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg hevcpred_template.c intra_pred memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function intra_pred of the file libavcodec/hevcpred_template.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. It is re…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg h264.c output_frame memory corruption
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this issue is the function output_frame of the file libavcodec/h264.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is reco…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg mpeg4videodec.c decode_vol_header memory corruption
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_vol_header of the file libavcodec/mpeg4videodec.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It …
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg vmnc.c decode_hextile memory corruption
A vulnerability has been found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function decode_hextile of the file libavcodec/vmnc.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommen…
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg jpeg2000dec.c get_siz memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function get_siz of the file libavcodec/jpeg2000dec.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply …
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Medium 5.3
FFmpeg dnxhdenc.c dnxhd_init_rc memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function dnxhd_init_rc of the file libavcodec/dnxhdenc.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommen…
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Medium 5.0
uTorrent memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in uTorrent. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in EN100 Ethernet module DNP3 IP variant (All versions), EN100 Ethernet module IEC …
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Medium 5.3
Sricam IP CCTV Camera Device Viewer memory corruption
A vulnerability was found in Sricam IP CCTV Camera. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the component Device Viewer. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. Local access is required to approach this attack.
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Critical 9.8
This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.4, macOS Big Sur 11.6.6. An att…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.4. An …
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High 7.8CVE-2022-26763 Public exploit
An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.5, iOS 15.5 a…
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High 7.5
Out of bounds memory access in github.com/open-policy-agent/opa
An issue in the component ast/parser.go of Open Policy Agent v0.39.0 causes the application to incorrectly interpret every expression, causing a Denial of Service (DoS) via triggering out-of-range memory access.
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High 7.8
Return of pointer value outside of expected range in the BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) Processors may allow a privile…
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High 7.8
Use of out-of-range pointer offset in the BIOS firmware for some Intel(R) Processors may allow a privileged user to pot…
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Medium 6.7
Improper buffer access in firmware for some Intel(R) NUCs may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation …
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Unscored —
A stack overflow vulnerability was found in the Intel HD Audio device (intel-hda) of QEMU. A malicious guest could use …