Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,690 results · Feed
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High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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High 8.0
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Safe Browsing component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Safe Browsing component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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High 8.8
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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High 8.8
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Security: Process Sandboxing component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Security: Process Sandboxing component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156 and Thunderbird 156.
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Critical 9.3
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Editor component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Editor component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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High 8.8
Privilege escalation in the Memory component
Privilege escalation in the Memory component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Critical 9.0
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the WebRTC component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the WebRTC component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Animation component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Animation component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156 and Thunderbird 156.
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Critical 9.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking: HTTP component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Networking: HTTP component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156 and Thunderbird 156.
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics component. This vulnerability was fixed in Thunderbird 140.17, Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, Thunderbird 153.3, Firefox ESR 115.42, and Firefox ESR 140.17.
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Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Graphics component
Sandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Graphics component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156, Firefox ESR 140.16, Firefox ESR 153.3, Thunderbird 156, Thunderbird 140.16, and Thunderbird 153.3.
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Medium 4.3
GPAC Node Insertion base_scenegraph.c gf_node_list_insert_child memory corruption
A vulnerability was identified in GPAC up to f1219cde. The impacted element is the function gf_node_list_insert_child of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component Node Insertion. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be lau…
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Low 3.9
GPAC base_scenegraph.c gf_node_activate_ex stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in GPAC up to f1219cde. The affected element is the function gf_node_activate_ex of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c. This manipulation causes stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local ho…
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Medium 6.3
GPAC base_scenegraph.c gf_node_get_name_and_id use after free
A vulnerability was found in GPAC up to f1219cde. Impacted is the function gf_node_get_name_and_id of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c. The manipulation results in use after free. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made pu…
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Medium 4.8
GPAC URL url.c gf_url_concatenate_ex heap-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in GPAC up to f1219cde. This issue affects the function gf_url_concatenate_ex of the file utils/url.c of the component URL Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. Up…
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High 7.3
GPAC Compositor media_object.c gf_mo_get_od_id use after free
A flaw has been found in GPAC up to f1219cde. This vulnerability affects the function gf_mo_get_od_id of the file compositor/media_object.c of the component Compositor. Executing a manipulation can lead to use after free. The attack may be performed from remo…
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Medium 6.3
GPAC MPEG Video Reframer reframe_mpgvid.c mpgviddmx_process heap-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in GPAC up to f1219cde. Affected by this issue is the function mpgviddmx_process of the file filters/reframe_mpgvid.c of the component MPEG Video Reframer. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The a…
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Critical 9.1
D-Link DI-8300 CGI Service rzgl.asp rzgl_asp stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in D-Link DI-8300 16.07. The affected element is the function rzgl_asp of the file /rzgl.asp of the component CGI Service. This manipulation of the argument redirct_url causes stack-based buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attac…
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Critical 9.9
D-Link DI-8400 DDNS Configuration ddns.asp ddns_asp stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in D-Link DI-8400 16.07. This affects the function ddns_asp of the file /ddns.asp of the component DDNS Configuration. Performing a manipulation of the argument serv/user/host/wild/mx/bmx/cust/ip results in stack-based buff…
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High 7.3
luben zstd-jni Dictionary Sharing ZstdCompressCtx.java ZstdCompressCtx.loadDict use after free
A vulnerability has been found in luben zstd-jni up to 1.5.7-13. This vulnerability affects the function ZstdCompressCtx.loadDict of the file ZstdCompressCtx.java of the component Dictionary Sharing. Such manipulation leads to use after free. The attack can b…
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Medium 5.3
GNU Binutils ELF String Table elf-strtab.c _bfd_elf_strtab_delref memory corruption
A vulnerability was detected in GNU Binutils 2.47. The affected element is the function _bfd_elf_strtab_delref of the file bfd/elf-strtab.c of the component ELF String Table. The manipulation results in memory corruption. The attack requires a local approach.…
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Low 3.3
GPAC MP4Box base_scenegraph.c gf_node_deactivate_ex use after free
A vulnerability was identified in GPAC 26.07.0. This affects the function gf_node_deactivate_ex of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component MP4Box. Such manipulation leads to use after free. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit is…
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Low 2.8
GPAC MP4Box base_scenegraph.c gf_node_del out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in GPAC 26.07.0. Affected by this issue is the function gf_node_del of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component MP4Box. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack is restricted to local execution. The …
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Low 3.3
GPAC MP4Box base_scenegraph.c gf_node_unregister use after free
A vulnerability was found in GPAC 26.07.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function gf_node_unregister of the file scenegraph/base_scenegraph.c of the component MP4Box. The manipulation results in use after free. The attack is only possible with local a…
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Low 3.3
GPAC MP4Box dom_events.c gf_sg_dom_event_bubble stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in GPAC 26.07.0. Affected is the function gf_sg_dom_event_bubble of the file src/scenegraph/dom_events.c of the component MP4Box. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be performed from a loc…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8,…
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High 8.4
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7, iOS 27 and iPad…
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High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6.1 and iPadOS 26.6.1, macOS Sequo…
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.6 and iPadOS 26.6, iOS 26.7 and iP…
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Medium 5.5
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.10 and iPadOS 18…
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Medium 6.6
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8,…
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Medium 6.9
PocketSphinx: Buffer overflows in language and acoustic model loading code
PocketSphinx is a small speech recognizer. Prior to 5.1.1, the trie language-model loaders in src/lm/ngram_model_trie.c do not adequately validate boundary conditions in ARPA, DMP, and binary format headers, and the acoustic-model loaders in src/mdef.c and sr…
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Medium 6.3
FFmpeg Convolution Filter vf_convolution.c setup_3x3 out-of-bounds
A vulnerability has been found in FFmpeg up to 4.4.6/5.1.8/6.1.4/7.1.3/8.0.1. Affected by this issue is the function setup_3x3 of the file libavfilter/vf_convolution.c of the component Convolution Filter. Such manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. The att…
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Medium 4.8
GNU Binutils Eh Frame Section elf-eh-frame.c _bfd_elf_write_section_eh_frame buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in GNU Binutils 2.47. Affected by this issue is the function _bfd_elf_write_section_eh_frame of the file bfd/elf-eh-frame.c of the component Eh Frame Section Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument cie_length/fde_length…
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Medium 5.3
GNU Binutils ld elf64-x86-64.c elf_x86_64_relocate_section buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in GNU Binutils 2.47. Affected by this vulnerability is the function elf_x86_64_relocate_section of the file bfd/elf64-x86-64.c of the component ld. Such manipulation of the argument roff leads to buffer overflow. An…
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Medium 5.3
GNU Binutils ld cache.c cache_bwrite buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in GNU Binutils 2.47. This impacts the function cache_bwrite of the file bfd/cache.c of the component ld. The manipulation of the argument nbytes results in buffer overflow. The attack requires a local approach. The exploit…
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Medium 6.3
GPAC MP4Box vrml_tools.c gf_sg_script_load use after free
A vulnerability was found in GPAC up to f1219cde. The affected element is the function gf_sg_script_load of the file scenegraph/vrml_tools.c of the component MP4Box. Performing a manipulation results in use after free. It is possible to initiate the attack re…