Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
More detail
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
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Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Source: MITRE CWE-1336
93 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-125757 Public exploit
mailcow: dockerized before 2026-11 Template Injection RCE via Domain-Wide Footer
mailcow: dockerized before 2026-11 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows domain administrators to execute commands in the shared rspamd container by storing a malicious domain-wide footer. Attackers can embed a Jinja macro with a…
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Critical 9.8
LMFDB before commit 01829bd Unauthenticated Server-Side Template Injection via /knowledge/render/<ID>
LMFDB before commit 01829bd contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in the render_knowl function that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject Jinja expressions via request parameters. Attackers can supply crafted query-string values or 'con…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-44267 Public exploit
Elo: Sandbox escape to arbitrary Node.js / browser code execution via unfiltered `.constructor` member access in Elo JavaScript emitter
Elo is a purely functional expression language for no-code tools. Prior to 1.0.1, plain Elo strings supplied to defaultFormats.elo.parse(), bin/elo, or elo-lang.org/try can use .constructor.constructor to reach JavaScript Function because the member_access ha…
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Critical 9.8
Elo: Remote Code Execution in Elo Ruby backend via unescaped `#{...}` interpolation in emitted string literals and subtype-constraint labels
Elo is a purely functional expression language for no-code tools. Prior to 1.0.1, the Ruby backend in src/compilers/ruby.ts embeds attacker-controlled text in Ruby double-quoted strings without escaping #, so Ruby interpolation forms in the string-literal emi…
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Critical 9.0
SOCFortress CoPilot: Stored case-report template injection permits backend code execution
SOCFortress CoPilot focuses on providing a single pane of glass for all your security operations needs. Prior to 0.1.76, in the reported deployment, case-report templates uploaded by `customer_user`, the lowest-privilege portal role, are later executed by non…
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Critical 9.3
Goobi viewer: IIIF Auth 2.0 origin parameter unsanitized — CSP malformation and reflected XSS
The Goobi viewer is a web application that allows digitised material to be displayed in a web browser. From version 25.08 to before version 26.05, the IIIF Auth 2.0 endpoints auth/login and auth/token in AuthorizationFlowResource accept an origin query parame…
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Critical 9.1
Webform - Critical - Remote Code Execution - SA-CONTRIB-2026-175
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability in Drupal Webform allows Code Injection. This issue affects Webform versions: from 0.0.0 to 6.2.12, from 6.3.0 to 6.3.1.
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Critical 9.1
Tianji: Remote Code Execution via lodash template evaluate pattern in survey feed templates
Tianji is an open source analytics, uptime monitoring, and server status platform. Prior to 1.31.29, formatString() in src/server/utils/template.ts passes survey feedTemplate and monitor notification templates to lodash template(), while the default evaluate …
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Critical 9.4
A server-side template injection exists in SolusVM 2 up to version 2.0.0-44576 that allows remote authenticated users t…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-103849 Public exploit
Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, potentially gaining elevated access or control over the vict…
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Critical 9.1
Wizarr: Authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in wizard step rendering leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Wizarr is an advanced user invitation and management system for Jellyfin, Plex, Emby, and other media servers. Prior to 2026.9.1, wizard step Markdown supplied through the editor or imported bundles was evaluated by app/blueprints/wizard/routes.py in the appl…
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Critical 9.6
Dell Container Storage Modules, versions prior to 1.18.0, contain(s) an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Use…
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Critical 9.9
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitLab AI Gateway
GitLab has remediated a vulnerability in the GitLab AI Gateway component affecting all versions of the AI Gateway from 18.1.6 before 19.2.4, 19.3 before 19.3.2, and 19.4 before 19.4.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed an authenticated user wi…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-97359 Scanner template
HFS2 2.4.0 RCE via Multipart Upload Filename Template Injection
HFS2 version 2.4.0 and earlier contains a template injection vulnerability in the multipart upload handler that allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by embedding malicious template syntax in a filename. Attackers can craft a filen…
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Critical 9.9
Forgejo before 16.0.4 allows remote code execution via a crafted template repository because template expansion on file…
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbi…
KEV Sep 8, 2026 -
Critical 9.8
Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via instance-template argument YAML injection (createInstance)
Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.8 and 5.13.2, Yamcs inserts templateArgs from POST /api/instances and PATCH /api/instances/{instance} into YAML through VarStatement.append in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/templating/VarStatement.java …
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Critical 9.8
LiteLLM vulnerable to server-side template injection in the /prompts/test endpoint
BerriAI litellm <=1.82.4 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via a crafted dotprompt_content parameter in the /prompts/test endpoint due to use of an unsandboxe…
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Critical 9.5
Server-Side Template Injection in extension "powermail" (powermail)
The extension passes the raw value of a form field configured as "This field contains the name of the sender" directly into a Fluid View as template source, without any sanitization, and renders it. An anonymous, unauthenticated user can submit Fluid template…
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Critical 9.2
Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI lead to RCE)
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. In 5.15.0 and earlier, resolveFilter in phalcon/Mvc/View/Engine/Volt/Compiler.zep builds the join filter by inserting the raw separator and array token values into generated PHP without passing them thr…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: RCE via servers[].url -> unescaped request-URL template literal (with getBaseUrlFromSpecification)
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, an unescaped backtick in servers[0].url is emitted into request URL template literals generated when output.baseUrl.getBaseUrlFromSpecif…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via schema default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a schema default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation wit…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via enum-typed default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an enum default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation with…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generatio…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via header-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a header parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema gene…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: Import-time RCE via query-parameter default -> zod module-level template literal
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in a query parameter default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema gener…
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Critical 9.3
Orval: RCE via OpenAPI path -> unescaped request-URL template literal (backtick breakout)
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, an unescaped backtick in an OpenAPI path is emitted into request URL template literals generated for axios, fetch, react-query, and SWR …
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Critical 9.8
Formie: Server-Side Template Injection in Formie Hidden field defaults
Formie is a Craft CMS plugin for creating forms. Prior to 3.1.27, Formie can pass request-derived Hidden field defaults such as HTTP User Agent, Referer URL, Current URL, Current URL without Query String, Query Parameter, and Cookie Value to Craft's Twig rend…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-66613 Public exploit
WordPress JetEngine plugin <= 3.8.14 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in JetEngine <= 3.8.14 versions.
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Critical 9.9
ERPNext: Server-Side Template Injection leading to Remote Code Execution
ERPNext is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. Prior to 15.111.0 and 16.22.0, limited authenticated users can cross a permission boundary in Frappe safe execution because frappe.render_template is exposed without forcing restrict_globals…
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Critical 9.1
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template. validate runs HTML::Ti…
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Critical 9.1
HTML::FormHandler versions before 0.410000 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion because _apply_actions and add_error use error message text built from request data as a Locale::Maketext bracket notation template
HTML::FormHandler versions before 0.410000 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion because _apply_actions and add_error use error message text built from request data as a Locale::Maketext bracket notation template. add_error …
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Critical 10.0
Prompty: Server-Side Template Injection to Remote Code Execution in the @prompty/core Nunjucks Renderer
Prompty is a markdown file format (.prompty) for LLM prompts. Prior to 0.1.5 and 2.0.0-beta.5, the TypeScript Nunjucks renderer evaluated untrusted .prompty template bodies with unrestricted JavaScript member access. An attacker-controlled template could trav…
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Critical 9.9
ERPNext: Possibility of server-side template injection due to missing validation
ERPNext is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. Prior to 15.118.0 and 16.29.0, the validate_template and render_template calls in erpnext/accounts/doctype/process_statement_of_accounts/process_statement_of_accounts.py render subject, body…
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Critical 9.8
WGDashboard Server-Side Template Injection vulnerability
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in WGDashboard version 4.3.2 and earlier, allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code as root.
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Campaign Classic (ACC) is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability t…
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Critical 9.4
Server-Side Template Injection in SecureTransport's Apache Velocity mail templates
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability was identified in the mail template functionality of the Axway SecureTransport product in version 5.5-20260326. This flaw allows an attacker with admin privileges to inject arbitrary Java code expressions,…
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Critical 9.9
Tugtainer has Server-Side Template Injection in notification templates that leads to Remote Code Execution
Tugtainer is a self-hosted app for automating updates of Docker containers. Versions prior to 1.30.2 are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in the notification template feature. The `title_template` and `body_template` fields are rendered usi…
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Critical 10.0
Jupyter Enterprise Gateway: Jinja2 Template Server Side Template Injection results in Remote Code Execution
Jupyter Enterprise Gateway launches remote Jupyter Notebook kernels across distributed clusters like Apache Spark, Kubernetes, and Docker Swarm. In versions 2.0.0rc2 and above, prior to 3.3.0, the environment variables (KERNEL_XXX) used during the rendering o…
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Critical 9.4
FOSSBilling: Server-side template injection in Twig template rendering enables information disclosure and RCE
FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Versions prior to 0.8.0 have a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the template rendering system. Administrators with access to features that render Twig templates (em…