Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
More detail
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
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Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Source: MITRE CWE-1336
136 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 8.8
Apache OFBiz: renderLink compiles link parameters as FreeMarker source
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine ('Server-Side Template Injection') in MacroScreenRenderer in Apache OFBiz 24.09 before 24.09.08 on all platforms allows a remote authenticated attacker holding only the two view permissions…
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High 8.8
Apache OFBiz: Authenticated Code Execution Vulnerability
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine ('Server-Side Template Injection') in Apache OFBiz 24.09 before 24.09.08 on all platforms allows a remote authenticated attacker holding only a stock non-administrative account to execute a…
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High 8.8
DataGerry < 3.3.0 SSTI via DocAPI Template Rendering
DataGerry before 3.3.0 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with base.docapi.template.add permission to store arbitrary Jinja2 payloads in the template_data field via POST /rest/docapi/template, which is …
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High 7.2
Quest Foglight for Databases renderTemplateString Server-Side Template Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Quest Foglight for Databases renderTemplateString Server-Side Template Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Quest Foglight for Databases. Authenticatio…
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High 7.1
GeoNetwork: Reflected XSS through client-side template injection
GeoNetwork is a catalog application to manage spatially referenced resources. From 3.0.0 until 4.2.15 and 4.4.10, requesting a nonexistent or unauthorized service URL can cause an error page to reflect attacker-controlled request content inside an AngularJS a…
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High 8.8
Template injection in the publishing component of awslabs Virtual Engineering Workbench
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine in the publishing component of Amazon Virtual Engineering Workbench (VEW) could allow a remote authenticated third party to run arbitrary code with the permissions of the publishing Lambda'…
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High 8.8
Frappe Framework before 15.111.0 and 16.x before 16.21.0 Server-Side Template Injection via Message Fields
Frappe Framework before 15.111.0 and 16.x before 16.21.0 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability because user-controlled message fields are rendered as templates without neutralization. An authenticated attacker holding a common operational ro…
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High 7.5
Bricks Theme Unauthenticated Dynamic Data Tag Injection via query_result
Bricks Theme 2.4.3 and before contains an unauthenticated dynamic-data tag injection vulnerability that allows anonymous attackers to control the urlParams object in the query_result REST endpoint, causing the submitted value to be re-parsed as a Bricks dynam…
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High 8.8
A server-side template injection vulnerability exists in the Twig theme rendering sandbox of Mautic. The sandbox introd…
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High 8.8
Low privilege condition filter escapes Twig sandbox, recovers "securityKey" and reaches RCE
Craft CMS allows any authenticated control panel user to submit an element-search condition whose element selector is evaluated as a sandboxed Twig object template. Craft’s allowed column filter delegates property lookup to Yii ArrayHelper, outside Twig’s Sec…
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High 8.2CVE-2026-78164 Public exploit
Apache Camel: HTTP producers resolve property placeholders in message-supplied URI override headers
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine and Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Apache Camel HTTP, Netty HTTP, Undertow and Vert.x HTTP components. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0…
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High 8.5
Ansible-operator-plugins: ansible operator plugins: arbitrary code execution via jinja2 template injection
A flaw was found in Ansible Operator Plugins. A low-privileged Kubernetes user can exploit a Jinja2 template injection vulnerability by crafting malicious custom resource (CR) specification values. These values are processed by Ansible without proper sanitiza…
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High 8.8
Frappe ERPNext before 15.119.1 Server-Side Template Injection via Message Fields
Frappe ERPNext before 15.119.1 and 16.x before 16.32.0 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability because user-controlled message fields are not validated before template rendering, allowing expressions to run in an unrestricted context. Authenti…
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High 8.8
Craft CMS 5.10.2 before 5.10.14 Twig Sandbox Bypass RCE via has some/has every
Craft CMS from 5.10.2 before 5.10.14 contains a Twig sandbox bypass that allows non-admin users to invoke PHP callables through the "has some" and "has every" operators. Users with the System Messages permission can supply two-argument callables such as passt…
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High 8.8
CVE-2026-107248
Thelia 3.0.0's back-office Email/Messages feature contains a server‑side template injection (SSTI) flaw that allows any authenticated user with the “Messages” permission to supply unsandboxed Twig templates, which are then compiled and executed as raw code. B…
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High 7.7
Backstage: Improper validation of MkDocs theme configuration in TechDocs
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by improper validation of mkdocs theme configuration in techdocs. When TechDocs is configured to build documentation locall…
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High 8.8
Authenticated RCE via render-components Entry Type overrides
Craft CMS 5.10.13.2 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the Control Panel action app/render-components. Any authenticated user with basic Control Panel access can submit request-controlled component classes and property overrides.…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-104851 Public exploit
fsspec: Server-Side Template Injection in ReferenceFileSystem leads to Remote Code Execution
fsspec is a specification and Python implementation framework for filesystem interfaces. From 0.9.0 until 2026.6.0, fsspec.implementations.reference.ReferenceFileSystem evaluates fields from Kerchunk reference JSON documents through unrestricted jinja2.Templa…
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High 7.2
Document Merge Service vulnerable to RCE via SSTI (xlsx tempaltes)
Document Merge Service is a document template merge service providing an API to manage templates and merge them with given data. Prior to version 9.1.0, a remote code execution (RCE) via server-side template injection (SSTI) allows for user supplied code to b…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Core Remote Code Execution through Server-Side Template Injection
A system notification template on the Kiteworks appliance was rendered by a template engine that evaluated expressions contained in the stored template body. An authenticated System Administrator could potentially store a crafted template that executed operat…
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High 8.6
Zammad: AI Agent template sanitizer bypass leads to remote code execution
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.1.2, a security filter that protects Zammad's AI Agent configuration can be bypassed by entering specially crafted text into one of an AI Agent's fields. An administrator with perm…
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High 7.6
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine OpManager, NetFlow Analyzer, and Network Configuration Manager versions 12.8.667 and below were vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection vulnerability in Configlet processing, which could lead to Remote Code Execution.
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High 8.0
openEQUELLA < 2026.1.0 Authenticated Stored SSTI via FreemarkerPortletRenderer
openEQUELLA before 2026.1.0 contains an authenticated stored server-side template injection vulnerability in FreemarkerPortletRenderer.renderHtml() that allows any authenticated non-guest user to achieve remote code execution by storing a malicious FreeMarker…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-92592 Public exploit
Craft CMS before 4.18.6 Remote Code Execution via signed cookie
Craft CMS 4.8.0 through 4.18.5 and 5.0.0 through 5.10.12 sign an authenticated user's attacker-controlled license-shun cookie with the same key and format used to validate signed redirect parameters, because the HMAC signature is not bound to its purpose (Yii…
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High 8.8
Backstage: Improper input validation in TechDocs MkDocs configuration
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6 and from 1.15.0 until 1.15.4, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package insufficiently validates mkdocs.yml supplied by an authenticated user who can register or modify a TechDoc…
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High 8.8
Polyaxon through 2.16.4 Server-Side Template Injection via Unsandboxed Jinja2 Engine
Polyaxon through 2.16.4 renders operation specification fields with an unsandboxed Jinja2 environment during server-side run preparation, allowing authenticated users to execute arbitrary code. Attackers can submit runs with Jinja2 payloads in queue, namespac…
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High 7.7
Velociraptor VQL injection during notebook restore from backup
Velociraptor allows for the creation of notebook backups in its default enabled daily backup feature. When Velociraptor restores the backup, the notebook cell content is interpolated into a template with no ACL checks. This allows a malicious user with NOTEBO…
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High 7.2
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.
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High 7.1
YesWiki: Authenticated (Admin) Server-Side Template Injection to Remote Code Execution via Bazar Semantic Templates
YesWiki is a wiki system written in PHP. Prior to version 4.6.6, YesWiki Bazar contains a stored Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the semantic template feature that can be escalated to confirmed Remote Code Execution (RCE). An authentica…
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High 8.7
Twig: Sandbox method allowlist bypass via `Markup` subclass
Twig is a template language for PHP. From version 1.0.0 to before version 3.27.0, SecurityPolicy::checkMethodAllowed() unconditionally whitelists all method calls on instances of Twig\Markup. Twig\Markup is not final, so subclasses inherit the bypass. An appl…
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High 7.8
Code injection in the CDK generator in Amazon awslabs.dynamodb-mcp-server
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine in the CDK generator in Amazon awslabs.dynamodb-mcp-server before 2.1.6 might allow a context-dependent actor to execute arbitrary code on the host that deploys the generated application vi…
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High 7.5
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access Advanced Access Control may be vulnerable to an information disclosure attack.
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High 7.6
In Eclipse Ditto versions [1.3.0, 3.9.6], the ImplicitThingCreationMessageMapper of the connectivity service builds a C…
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High 8.8
Io.quarkus:quarkus-qute: quarkus-qute:server-side template injection (ssti) vulnerability in reflectionvalueresolver of the quarkus qute template engine
A flaw was found in the Qute template engine, which is used by Quarkus to generate dynamic content like HTML pages or emails. The issue exists in the component responsible for looking up data values (ReflectionValueResolver), which fails to properly block acc…
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High 8.8
Skyvern before 1.0.45 Sandbox Escape via TextPromptBlock
Skyvern before 1.0.45 contains a sandbox escape vulnerability in TextPromptBlock that renders prompts twice, first through a sandboxed Jinja environment and then through an unsandboxed environment. Attackers can inject malicious Jinja template syntax through …
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High 7.2
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow: Remote code execution via advanced workflow email template
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow is a highly configurable step-based workflow module. Prior to 6.4.5, 7.1.3, and 7.2.1, an attacker with permission to author the advanced workflow email template can place a specially crafted server-side template payload in Noti…
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High 8.6
Trilium: RCE via `shareTemplate` relation missing `isDangerous` flag — Safe import bypass leading to EJS SSTI (Incomplete Fix of CVE-2026-45668)
Trilium is an open-source hierarchical note-taking application. In versions prior to 0.104.0, the default-on "Safe import" filter fails to neutralize the shareTemplate relation because that relation is not marked as dangerous, allowing an attacker-supplied im…
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High 7.8
Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an i…
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High —
mcp-contextforge-gateway has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution in `PromptService._render_template` via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment
### Summary `mcpgateway.services.prompt_service.PromptService` renders user-supplied prompt templates using Jinja2's plain `Environment()` rather than `SandboxedEnvironment`. An authenticated user with permission to register or update prompt templates can sto…
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High 7.7
Server-Side Template Injection in extension "Event management and registration" (sf_event_mgt)
The extension passes an editor-configurable email subject string directly into a Fluid template source without restriction. A backend user with edit access to the event plugin or Backend Module can supply Fluid ViewHelper syntax in this field to disclose sens…