Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
More detail
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
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Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Source: MITRE CWE-1336
138 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High —
mcp-contextforge-gateway has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution in `PromptService._render_template` via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment
### Summary `mcpgateway.services.prompt_service.PromptService` renders user-supplied prompt templates using Jinja2's plain `Environment()` rather than `SandboxedEnvironment`. An authenticated user with permission to register or update prompt templates can sto…
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High 7.7
Server-Side Template Injection in extension "Event management and registration" (sf_event_mgt)
The extension passes an editor-configurable email subject string directly into a Fluid template source without restriction. A backend user with edit access to the event plugin or Backend Module can supply Fluid ViewHelper syntax in this field to disclose sens…
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High 8.8
Grav before 4.2.2 Remote Code Execution via Email Twig
The Grav Email plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-email) before 4.2.2 renders page-editor-controlled Email action parameters as unsandboxed Twig templates. An authenticated remote user with only api.access and api.pages.write permissions can place a Twig expression …
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High 7.6
Server-side template injection in Integrated Publishing Toolkit
Interpretation of untrusted input in template engine in GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit versions before 3.3.4 allows remote authenticated attackers to access server-side files and state via template injection
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High 8.1
grav-plugin-api before 1.0.15 Twig SSTI via translate endpoint
grav-plugin-api versions before 1.0.15 fail to validate Twig content in the translate() endpoint, allowing attackers with api.pages.write permission to persist pages with process.twig enabled. Attackers can submit crafted header and content parameters to exec…
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High 7.8
compliance-trestle Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Recursive Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)
compliance-trestle is a tooling platform for managing compliance as code. Versions prior to 3.12.2 and 4.0.3 have a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in the `trestle author jinja` command. The command recursively evaluates rendered te…
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High 8.8
Grav CMS before 2.0.13 Remote Code Execution via Twig
Grav CMS before 2.0.13 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in email-action parameters that allows low-privileged page editors to execute arbitrary operating-system commands. Attackers can inject Twig payloads using the unsandboxed find fil…
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High 7.8
Oh My Posh: Arbitrary command execution via template injection in the path segment
Oh My Posh is the most customisable and low-latency cross platform/shell prompt renderer. Prior to 29.35.1, the setStyle() function in src/segments/path.go passed pt.Path, which includes raw folder names, to template.Render, whose function map exposes cmd, so…
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High 8.0
SiYuan before v3.7.4 SQL Injection via queryBlocks template
SiYuan versions before v3.7.4 contain a second-order SQL injection vulnerability in attribute-view template columns that expose the queryBlocks function, which executes raw SQL using string substitution instead of parameterized queries. Attackers can distribu…
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High 8.8
Cachet 2.4.1 Authenticated Server-Side Template Injection RCE
Cachet through 2.4.1 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in incident template rendering that allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary PHP code. Attackers can create malicious incident templates with Blade directives or Twig filters …
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High 8.8
Bolt CMS Server-Side Template Injection via Unsandboxed allow_twig Field Rendering
Bolt CMS renders content field values through Twig's full application-level Environment with no SandboxExtension registered anywhere in the codebase. In src/Entity/Field.php, getTwigValue calls shouldBeRenderedAsTwig, which gates rendering only on the field d…
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High 8.1
DjangoCRM - Server-Side Template Injection in Mass Mail Message Rendering
DjangoCRM's massmail module renders user-controlled EmlMessage fields (subject, content) through Django's Template constructor with no sanitization, in at least three locations: message_previews.py builds an f-string embedding message.subject/message.content …
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High 8.3
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped OpenAPI path strings in generated method bodies
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-routes/schema-routes.ts passes OpenAPI path keys through parseRouteName to templates/default/procedure-call.ejs and templates/modular/p…
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High 8.3
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped enum string values
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts passes components.schemas.*.enum[i] values to Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts without escapin…
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High 8.3
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in axios http-client template
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, templates/base/http-clients/axios-http-client.ejs interpolates servers[0].url from src/code-gen-process.ts into the HttpClient constructor without…
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High 8.3
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in fetch http-client template
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/code-gen-process.ts createApiConfig copies servers[0].url into apiConfig.baseUrl, and templates/base/http-clients/fetch-http-client.ejs interpol…
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High 8.8
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection in via attacker-controlled `default_factory` schema field
datamodel-code-generator generates Pydantic v2 models, dataclasses, TypedDict, and msgspec.Struct from OpenAPI, JSON Schema, GraphQL, Avro, Protobuf, and raw JSON, YAML, or CSV. From 0.17.0 until 0.60.2, datamodel-code-generator preserves attacker-controlled …
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High 7.8
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection via unescaped carriage return in GraphQL Union description
datamodel-code-generator generates Python data models from schema definitions. Prior to 0.60.1, GraphQL Union description values in src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/UnionTypeStatement.jinja2 and src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/UnionType…
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High 7.8
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection via unescaped carriage return in `--extra-template-data` `comment` field
datamodel-code-generator generates Python data models from schema definitions. From 0.14.1 until 0.60.2, the --extra-template-data comment field is rendered into Python comments in src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/TypeAliasAnnotation.jinja2, src/da…
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High 7.5
MeltanoHub vulnerable to command injection in the `test_dispatcher` GitHub Actions workflow
MeltanoHub is the source code for hub.meltano.com, the central place for Meltano plugins. Versions of the repo prior to commit 923820de8f64d753951fbbd54f7282a3d5f75173 were vulnerable to exfiltration of `GITHUB_TOKEN` with write permissions to the repository.…
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High 8.8
ERPNext: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Batch autonaming via Stock Settings.naming_series_prefix
ERPNext is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. Prior to 15.111.0 and 16.22.0, an authenticated user with a standard operational role can trigger server-side template injection through a configuration field, resulting in unauthorized disc…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-55794 Public exploit
Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via referrer redirect
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). In versions 5.9.0 and above prior to 5.10.0, control panel users with the ability to edit entries can execute unsandboxed Twig code via the HTTP Referrer header, potentially leading to authenticated RCE. The iss…
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High 7.2
Pimcore CMS 12.3.8 Twig Sandbox Bypass via SecurityPolicy checkMethodAllowed
Pimcore CMS/DXP version 12.3.8 contains a sandbox bypass vulnerability that allows authenticated administrative attackers to execute arbitrary methods on PHP objects by exploiting empty checkMethodAllowed() and checkPropertyAllowed() implementations in the cu…
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High 8.9
Tautulli Vulnerable to Unauthenticated/Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Newsletter Custom Template Directory
Tautulli is a Python based monitoring and tracking tool for Plex Media Server. Versions prior to 2.17.1 are vulnerable to remote code execution via the newsletter custom template directory feature. On a fresh install before the setup wizard is completed, all …
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High 8.7
Local Path Provisioner: HelperPod Template Injection
Local Path Provisioner provides a way for the Kubernetes users to utilize the local storage in each node. Prior to 0.0.36, a malicious user with permission to edit the local-path-config ConfigMap in the local-path-storage namespace can manipulate the helperPo…
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High 7.5
Banks: Critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Jinja2 SSTI
Banks generates meaningful LLM prompts using a template language that makes sense. Prior to 2.4.2, banks uses jinja2.Environment() (unsandboxed) to render prompt templates. Applications that pass user-supplied strings as the template argument to Prompt() are …
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High 8.2
Prompt Injection via Memory Poisoning in PromptChatMemoryAdvisor
A malicious user could craft input that is stored in conversation memory and later interpreted by the model in an unintended way. Applications using the affected advisor with user-controlled input may be susceptible to manipulation of model behavior across co…
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High 8.3
Server-side template injection
SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before version 15.0.4 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability in the new GINA UI because an endpoint accepts attacker-controlled template, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary template expressions and po…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-42203 Public exploit
LiteLLM: Server-Side Template Injection in /prompts/test endpoint
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.80.5 to before version 1.83.7, the POST /prompts/test endpoint accepted user-supplied prompt templates and rendered them without sandboxing. A crafted templat…
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High —
jdbi3-freemarker Vulnerable to Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in FreeMarker Template Engine
# Summary **Description** An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336) vulnerability in Jdbi allows arbitrary command execution when an application using `jdbi3-freemarker` permits attacker-influenced text to reach `Free…
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High 7.6
Kirby has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) via double template resolution in option rendering
Kirby is an open-source content management system. Prior to versions 4.9.0 and 5.4.0, Kirby's user permissions control which user role is allowed to perform specific actions to content models in the CMS. These permissions are defined for each role in the user…
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High 7.2
In JetBrains YouTrack before 2025.3.131383 high privileged user can achieve RCE via sandbox bypass
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High 8.7CVE-2026-34724 Public exploit
Zammad has a server-side template injection leading to RCE via AI Agent
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.0.1, a server-side template injection vulnerability which leads to RCE via AI Agent exists. Impact is limited to environments where an attacker can control or influence type_enrich…
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High 8.8
BentoML has a Server-Side Template Injection via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment in Dockerfile generation
BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.38, the Dockerfile generation function generate_containerfile() in src/bentoml/_internal/container/generate.py uses an unsandboxed jinja2.E…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-28797 Public exploit
RAGFlow: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Agent "Text Processing" Component
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions 0.24.0 and prior, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in RAGFlow's Agent workflow Text Processing (StringTransform) and Message components. These compo…
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High 7.7
Giskard Agents have Server-side template injection via ChatWorkflow.chat() using non-sandboxed Jinja2 Environment
Giskard is an open-source Python library for testing and evaluating agentic systems. Prior to versions 0.3.4 and 1.0.2b1, ChatWorkflow.chat(message) passes its string argument directly as a Jinja2 template source to a non-sandboxed Environment. A developer wh…
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High 8.8
OpenOLAT: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Velocity templates allows Remote Code Execution
OpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. Prior to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5, an authenticated user with the Author role can inject Velocity directives into a reminder email temp…
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High 8.9
Zero-Click Indirect Prompt Injection and Authentication Bypass via Email Polling
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 0.1.6, an indirect prompt injection vulnerability exists in the email channel processing module (`nanobot/channels/email.py`), allowing a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary LLM instructio…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-33154 Public exploit
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates…
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High 8.5
RCE via SSTI for users with permissions to access the Craft CMS Webhooks plugin
Webhooks for Craft CMS plugin adds the ability to manage “webhooks” in Craft CMS, which will send GET or POST requests when certain events occur. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.2.0, the Webhooks plugin renders user-supplied template content through Tw…