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Weakness (CWE)

CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Base Incomplete

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

More detail

In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.

Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.

How to prevent it (2 mitigations)

  1. Architecture and Design

    Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

  2. Implementation

    Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

Source: MITRE CWE-1336

All Critical High Medium Low Exploited only Public exploit

5 results · Clear filters · Feed

  • Critical 10.0
    CVE-2026-75650 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 99%

    Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)

    Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbi…

    Adobe Adobe Commerce Magento Open Source Adobe Commerce B2B Web / CMS
    KEV Sep 8, 2026
  • Critical 9.0
    CVE-2026-41901 Exploited Public exploit

    Thymeleaf: Improper recognition of unauthorized syntax patterns in sandboxed Thymeleaf expressions

    Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Prior to 3.1.5.RELEASE, a security bypass vulnerability exists in the expression execution mechanisms of Thymeleaf. Although the library provides mechanisms to avoid the exec…

    thymeleaf thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring5 org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf Maven
  • Critical 9.1
    CVE-2026-40477 Exploited Public exploit

    Improper restriction of the scope of accessible objects in Thymeleaf expressions

    Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expressio…

    thymeleaf thymeleaf org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring6 org.thymeleaf:thymeleaf-spring5 Maven
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2024-23692 Exploited · Ransomware Public exploit EPSS 99%

    Rejetto HTTP File Server 2.3m Unauthenticated RCE

    Rejetto HTTP File Server, up to and including version 2.3m, is vulnerable to a template injection vulnerability. This vulnerability allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the affected system by sending a specially crafted H…

    rejetto HTTP File Server
    KEV Jul 9, 2024
  • Critical 9.8
    CVE-2024-4040 Exploited Public exploit EPSS 100%

    Unauthenticated arbitrary file read and remote code execution in CrushFTP

    A server side template injection vulnerability in CrushFTP in all versions before 10.7.1 and 11.1.0 on all platforms allows unauthenticated remote attackers to read files from the filesystem outside of the VFS Sandbox, bypass authentication to gain administra…

    CrushFTP CrushFTP
    KEV Apr 24, 2024