Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
More detail
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
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Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Source: MITRE CWE-1336
51 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-125757 Public exploit
mailcow: dockerized before 2026-11 Template Injection RCE via Domain-Wide Footer
mailcow: dockerized before 2026-11 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows domain administrators to execute commands in the shared rspamd container by storing a malicious domain-wide footer. Attackers can embed a Jinja macro with a…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-44267 Public exploit
Elo: Sandbox escape to arbitrary Node.js / browser code execution via unfiltered `.constructor` member access in Elo JavaScript emitter
Elo is a purely functional expression language for no-code tools. Prior to 1.0.1, plain Elo strings supplied to defaultFormats.elo.parse(), bin/elo, or elo-lang.org/try can use .constructor.constructor to reach JavaScript Function because the member_access ha…
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High 8.2CVE-2026-78164 Public exploit
Apache Camel: HTTP producers resolve property placeholders in message-supplied URI override headers
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine and Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Apache Camel HTTP, Netty HTTP, Undertow and Vert.x HTTP components. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.0…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-103849 Public exploit
Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user, potentially gaining elevated access or control over the vict…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-104851 Public exploit
fsspec: Server-Side Template Injection in ReferenceFileSystem leads to Remote Code Execution
fsspec is a specification and Python implementation framework for filesystem interfaces. From 0.9.0 until 2026.6.0, fsspec.implementations.reference.ReferenceFileSystem evaluates fields from Kerchunk reference JSON documents through unrestricted jinja2.Templa…
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Critical 9.9
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitLab AI Gateway
GitLab has remediated a vulnerability in the GitLab AI Gateway component affecting all versions of the AI Gateway from 18.1.6 before 19.2.4, 19.3 before 19.3.2, and 19.4 before 19.4.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed an authenticated user wi…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-73858 Public exploit
Solspace Freeform: Limited Twig template injection via submitted field values
Solspace Freeform plugin for Craft CMS 5.x is a super flexible form-building tool. From 5.0.0 through 5.10.13, submitted values from public Freeform forms can be evaluated by the isolated Twig renderer when rendered into HTML attributes. An unauthenticated at…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-92592 Public exploit
Craft CMS before 4.18.6 Remote Code Execution via signed cookie
Craft CMS 4.8.0 through 4.18.5 and 5.0.0 through 5.10.12 sign an authenticated user's attacker-controlled license-shun cookie with the same key and format used to validate signed redirect parameters, because the HMAC signature is not bound to its purpose (Yii…
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbi…
KEV Sep 8, 2026 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2026-66613 Public exploit
WordPress JetEngine plugin <= 3.8.14 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability
Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in JetEngine <= 3.8.14 versions.
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High 8.7CVE-2026-55794 Public exploit
Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via referrer redirect
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). In versions 5.9.0 and above prior to 5.10.0, control panel users with the ability to edit entries can execute unsandboxed Twig code via the HTTP Referrer header, potentially leading to authenticated RCE. The iss…
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Critical 9.4CVE-2026-28496 Public exploit
FOSSBilling: Server-side template injection in Twig template rendering enables information disclosure and RCE
FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Versions prior to 0.8.0 have a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the template rendering system. Administrators with access to features that render Twig templates (em…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-54390 Public exploit
JTL Shop < 5.7.2 Server-Side Template Injection via Smarty Renderer
JTL Shop versions 5.2.0 through 5.7.1 contains a server-side template injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious template syntax due to unsanitized user-supplied input passed to the Smarty template engine. Attackers can …
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-9558 Public exploit
Mautic has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Theme Templates
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Mautic's theme engine. The platform renders uploaded Twig templates without a sandbox or strict function restrictions. Authenticated users with permissions to create or upload themes can abuse th…
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Critical 9.0
Thymeleaf: Improper recognition of unauthorized syntax patterns in sandboxed Thymeleaf expressions
Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Prior to 3.1.5.RELEASE, a security bypass vulnerability exists in the expression execution mechanisms of Thymeleaf. Although the library provides mechanisms to avoid the exec…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-42203 Public exploit
LiteLLM: Server-Side Template Injection in /prompts/test endpoint
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.80.5 to before version 1.83.7, the POST /prompts/test endpoint accepted user-supplied prompt templates and rendered them without sandboxing. A crafted templat…
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Critical 9.1
Improper restriction of the scope of accessible objects in Thymeleaf expressions
Thymeleaf is a server-side Java template engine for web and standalone environments. Versions 3.1.3.RELEASE and prior contain a security bypass vulnerability in the expression execution mechanisms. Although the library provides mechanisms to prevent expressio…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2026-39980 Public exploit
OpenCTI affected by RCE via notifier template
OpenCTI is an open source platform for managing cyber threat intelligence knowledge and observables. Prior to 6.9.5, the safeEjs.ts file does not properly sanitize EJS templates. Users with the Manage customization capability can run arbitrary JavaScript in t…
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High 8.7CVE-2026-34724 Public exploit
Zammad has a server-side template injection leading to RCE via AI Agent
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.0.1, a server-side template injection vulnerability which leads to RCE via AI Agent exists. Impact is limited to environments where an attacker can control or influence type_enrich…
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Critical 9.1
GLPI has a Server-Side Template Injection via Double-Compilation
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, template injection by an administrator lead to RCE. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6.
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High 8.7CVE-2026-28797 Public exploit
RAGFlow: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Agent "Text Processing" Component
RAGFlow is an open-source RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) engine. In versions 0.24.0 and prior, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in RAGFlow's Agent workflow Text Processing (StringTransform) and Message components. These compo…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-33154 Public exploit
dynaconf Affected by Remote Code Execution (RCE) via Insecure Template Evaluation in @jinja Resolver
dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates…
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Medium 6.8CVE-2026-31864 Public exploit
JumpServer has a Server-Side Template Injection Leading to RCE via YAML Rendering
JumpServer is an open source bastion host and an operation and maintenance security audit system. a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in JumpServer's Applet and VirtualApp upload functionality. This vulnerability can only be exploited…
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High 7.5CVE-2026-28695 Public exploit
Craft affected by authenticated RCE via Twig SSTI - create() function + Symfony Process gadget
Craft is a content management system (CMS). There is an authenticated admin RCE in Craft CMS 5.8.21 via Server-Side Template Injection using the create() Twig function combined with a Symfony Process gadget chain. The create() Twig function exposes Craft::cre…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-27641 Public exploit
Flask-Reuploaded vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Server-Side Template Injection
Flask-Reuploaded provides file uploads for Flask. A critical path traversal and extension bypass vulnerability in versions prior to 1.5.0 allows remote attackers to achieve arbitrary file write and remote code execution through Server-Side Template Injection …
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High 7.8CVE-2026-25731 Public exploit
Calibre Affected by Arbitrary Code Execution via Server-Side Template Injection in Calibre HTML Export
calibre is an e-book manager. Prior to 9.2.0, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in Calibre's Templite templating engine allows arbitrary code execution when a user converts an ebook using a malicious custom template file via the --template…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-25526 Public exploit
JinJava Bypass through ForTag leads to Arbitrary Java Execution
JinJava is a Java-based template engine based on django template syntax, adapted to render jinja templates. Prior to versions 2.7.6 and 2.8.3, JinJava is vulnerable to arbitrary Java execution via bypass through ForTag. This allows arbitrary Java class instan…
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High 8.8CVE-2025-69516 Public exploit
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the /reporting/templates/preview/ endpoint of Amidaware Tactic…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-64087 Public exploit
XDocReport affected by a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability
A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the FreeMarker component of opensagres XDocReport v1.0.0 to v2.1.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via injecting crafted template expressions.
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Critical 9.9CVE-2025-14700 Public exploit
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in Crafty Controller
An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.
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High 8.7CVE-2025-66294 Public exploit
Grav is vulnerable to RCE via SSTI through Twig Sandbox Bypass
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Grav that allows authenticated attackers with editor permissions to execute arbitrary commands on the server and, under certain conditio…
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High 7.2CVE-2025-62369 Public exploit
Xibo CMS: Remote Code Execution through module templates
Xibo is an open source digital signage platform with a web content management system (CMS). Versions 4.3.0 and below contain a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the CMS Developer menu's Module Templating functionality, allowing authenticated users with "…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-52122 Public exploit
The Freeform CraftCMS plugin contains an Server-side template injection (SSTI) vulnerability
Freeform 5.0.0 to before 5.10.16, a plugin for CraftCMS, contains an Server-side template injection (SSTI) vulnerability, resulting in arbitrary code injection for all users that have access to editing a form (submission title).
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Critical 10.0
Sawtooth Software Lighthouse Studio < 9.16.14 Pre-Authentication RCE
A template injection vulnerability exists in Sawtooth Software’s Lighthouse Studio versions prior to 9.16.14 via the ciwweb.pl http://ciwweb.pl/ Perl web application. Exploitation allows an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary commands.
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Critical 10.0CVE-2025-53833 Public exploit
LaRecipe is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection attacks
LaRecipe is an application that allows users to create documentation with Markdown inside a Laravel app. Versions prior to 2.8.1 are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which could potentially lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in vulnerable…
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Critical 9.1CVE-2025-49136 Public exploit
listmonk's Sprig template Injection vulnerability leads to reading of Environment Variable for low privilege user
listmonk is a standalone, self-hosted, newsletter and mailing list manager. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 5.0.2, the `env` and `expandenv` template functions which is enabled by default in Sprig enables capturing of env variables on host. Whi…
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High 8.5
Skyvern has a Jinja runtime leak
Skyvern through 0.1.85 is vulnerable to server-side template injection (SSTI) in the Prompt field of workflow blocks such as the Navigation v2 Block. Improper sanitization of Jinja2 template input allows authenticated users to inject crafted expressions that …
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Critical 10.0
Invision Community 5.0.0 before 5.0.7 allows remote code execution via crafted template strings to themeeditor.php. The…
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High 7.3CVE-2025-46731 Public exploit
Craft CMS Contains a Potential Remote Code Execution Vulnerability via Twig SSTI
Craft is a content management system. Versions of Craft CMS on the 4.x branch prior to 4.14.13 and on the 5.x branch prior to 5.6.16 contains a potential remote code execution vulnerability via Twig SSTI. One must have administrator access and `ALLOW_ADMIN_CH…
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Low 3.5CVE-2025-26865 Public exploit
Apache OFBiz: Server-Side Template Injection affecting the ecommerce plugin leading to possible RCE
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability in Apache OFBiz. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: from 18.12.17 before 18.12.18. It's a regression between 18.12.17 and 18.12.18. In case you use something like that, which …