Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
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Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
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Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
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Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
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Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
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Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
368 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Remote code execution in PATCH requests in Spring Data REST
Malicious PATCH requests submitted to servers using Spring Data REST versions prior to 2.6.9 (Ingalls SR9), versions prior to 3.0.1 (Kay SR1) and Spring Boot versions prior to 1.5.9, 2.0 M6 can use specially crafted JSON data to run arbitrary Java code.
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Critical 9.8
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS before 6.1.19, 7.0.x before 7.0.19, 7.1.x before 7.1.14, and 8.0.x before 8.0.6 allows remote…
KEV Aug 18, 2022 -
Medium 5.5CVE-2017-12624 Public exploit
Improper Input Validation in Apache CXF
Apache CXF supports sending and receiving attachments via either the JAX-WS or JAX-RS specifications. It is possible to craft a message attachment header that could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on a CXF web service provider. Both JAX-WS and JAX-RS…
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High 8.8CVE-2017-15879 Public exploit
Keystone is vulnerable to CSV injection
CSV Injection (aka Excel Macro Injection or Formula Injection) exists in admin/server/api/download.js and lib/list/getCSVData.js in KeystoneJS before 4.0.0-beta.7 via a value that is mishandled in a CSV export.
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Critical 9.8
Apache Struts 2.0.1 uses an unintentional expression in a Freemarker tag instead of string literal
In Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.33 and 2.5 through 2.5.10.1, using an unintentional expression in a Freemarker tag instead of string literals can lead to a RCE attack.
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Unscored —
An Improper Input Validation issue was discovered in Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1100 controllers 1763-L16BWA, 1763-…
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High 7.5
RubyGems may allow a maliciously crafted gem to overwrite files
RubyGems version 2.6.12 and earlier fails to validate specification names, allowing a maliciously crafted gem to potentially overwrite any file on the filesystem.
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High 7.8
(1) IQVW32.sys before 1.3.1.0 and (2) IQVW64.sys before 1.3.1.0 in the Intel Ethernet diagnostics driver for Windows al…
KEV Feb 10, 2023 -
High 8.8
DNN (aka DotNetNuke) has Remote Code Execution via a cookie
DNN (aka DotNetNuke) before 9.1.1 has Remote Code Execution via a cookie, aka "2017-08 (Critical) Possible remote code execution on DNN sites."
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Code execution in Apache Struts 1 plugin
The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.
KEV Feb 10, 2022 -
Critical 9.8CVE-2016-2173 Public exploit
Improper Input Validation in Spring AMQP
org.springframework.core.serializer.DefaultDeserializer in Spring AMQP before 1.5.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.
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High 7.1
Improper Input Validation in Apache Tomcat
The code in Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0.M11, 8.5.0 to 8.5.6, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.38, 7.0.0 to 7.0.72, and 6.0.0 to 6.0.47 that parsed the HTTP request line permitted invalid characters. This could be exploited, in conjunction with a proxy that also permitted…
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Critical 9.8
A vulnerability in the Cisco Cluster Management Protocol (CMP) processing code in Cisco IOS and Cisco IOS XE Software c…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
High 8.1
The SMBv1 server in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2; Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1; Windows 7 SP1; Windows 8.1; Window…
KEV Apr 6, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
Apache Struts vulnerable to remote arbitrary command execution due to improper input validation
The Jakarta Multipart parser in Apache Struts 2 2.3.x before 2.3.32 and 2.5.x before 2.5.10.1 has incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted …
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 7.5CVE-2016-4793 Public exploit
CakePHP allows remote attackers to spoof their IP
The clientIp function in CakePHP 3.2.4 and earlier allows remote attackers to spoof their IP via the CLIENT-IP HTTP header.
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Critical 9.8
Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.19 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted expression.
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Critical 9.8
Apache Struts vulnerable to arbitrary remote code execution due to improper input validation
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to an ! (exclamation mark) operator to the REST Plugin.
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Critical 9.8
Improper Input Validation in Apache ActiveMQ
The Fileserver web application in Apache ActiveMQ 5.x before 5.14.0 allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary files via an HTTP PUT followed by an HTTP MOVE request.
KEV Feb 10, 2022 -
High 8.4
The (1) EPHEMERAL, (2) HTTPS, (3) MVG, (4) MSL, (5) TEXT, (6) SHOW, (7) WIN, and (8) PLT coders in ImageMagick before 6…
KEV Sep 9, 2024 -
High 8.8
Jenkins allows Deserialization of Untrusted Data via an XML File
Multiple unspecified API endpoints in Jenkins before 1.650 and LTS before 1.642.2 allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via serialized data in an XML file, related to XStream and groovy.util.Expando.
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High 7.3
actionpack allows remote code execution via application's unrestricted use of render method
Action Pack in Ruby on Rails before 3.2.22.2, 4.x before 4.1.14.2, and 4.2.x before 4.2.5.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Ruby code by leveraging an application's unrestricted use of the render method.
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Medium 5.3CVE-2016-1494 Public exploit
Python RSA allows attackers to spoof signatures
The verify function in the RSA package for Python (Python-RSA) before 3.3 allows attackers to spoof signatures with a small public exponent via crafted signature padding, aka a BERserk attack.
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Critical 9.8
Improper Input Validation in Apache ActiveMQ
Apache ActiveMQ 5.x before 5.13.0 does not restrict the classes that can be serialized in the broker, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized Java Message Service (JMS) ObjectMessage object.
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Medium —
OpenStack Neutron Improper Input Validation vulnerability
OpenStack Neutron before 2014.2.4 (juno) and 2015.1.x before 2015.1.1 (kilo), when using the IPTables firewall driver, allows remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service (L2 agent crash) by adding an address pair that is rejected by the ipset tool.
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Medium —
Improper Input Validation in Apache Jackrabbit
XML external entity (XXE) vulnerability in Apache Jackrabbit before 2.0.6, 2.2.x before 2.2.14, 2.4.x before 2.4.6, 2.6.x before 2.6.6, 2.8.x before 2.8.1, and 2.10.x before 2.10.1 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files and send requests to intranet …
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High 7.5
Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 CPU devices allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (defect-mode transition) via cra…
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High —
Arbitrary code execution in Apache Commons BeanUtils
Apache Commons BeanUtils, as distributed in lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar in Apache Struts 1.x through 1.3.10 and in other products requiring commons-beanutils through 1.9.2, does not suppress the class property, which allows remote attackers to "manipulate…
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High 7.5
Commons FileUpload Denial of service vulnerability
MultipartStream.java in Apache Commons FileUpload before 1.3.1, as used in Apache Tomcat, JBoss Web, and other products, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop and CPU consumption) via a crafted Content-Type header that bypasses a…
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Medium —
actionpack Improper Input Validation vulnerability
actionpack/lib/action_view/lookup_context.rb in Action View in Ruby on Rails 3.x before 3.2.16 and 4.x before 4.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) via a header containing an invalid MIME type that leads to excessive …
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High 8.8
The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the v6k and v7 ARM platforms do not…
KEV Sep 15, 2022 -
High —
Arbitrary file write in Apache Commons Fileupload
The DiskFileItem class in Apache Commons FileUpload, as used in Red Hat JBoss BRMS 5.3.1; JBoss Portal 4.3 CP07, 5.2.2, and 6.0.0; and Red Hat JBoss Web Server 1.0.2 allows remote attackers to write to arbitrary files via a NULL byte in a file name in a seria…
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Critical 9.8
Code injection in Apache Struts
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Medium —
Open redirect in Apache Struts
Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allow remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in a parameter using the (1) redirect: or (2) redirectAction: prefix.
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Critical —
Deserialization Code Execution in js-yaml
The JS-YAML module before 2.0.5 for Node.js parses input without properly considering the unsafe !!js/function tag, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted string that triggers an eval operation.
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High —
JSON gem has Improper Input Validation vulnerability
The JSON gem before 1.5.5, 1.6.x before 1.6.8, and 1.7.x before 1.7.7 for Ruby allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (resource consumption) or bypass the mass assignment protection mechanism via a crafted JSON document that triggers the creatio…
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High —
actionpack Improper Input Validation vulnerability
active_support/core_ext/hash/conversions.rb in Ruby on Rails before 2.3.15, 3.0.x before 3.0.19, 3.1.x before 3.1.10, and 3.2.x before 3.2.11 does not properly restrict casts of string values, which allows remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks …
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High 7.8
Unspecified vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player before 11.3.300.271 on Windows and Mac OS X and before 11.2.202.238 on …
KEV Mar 3, 2022 -
Medium —CVE-2010-5099 Public exploit
TYPO3 Path Traversal vulnerability
The fileDenyPattern functionality in the PHP file inclusion protection API in TYPO3 4.2.x before 4.2.16, 4.3.x before 4.3.9, and 4.4.x before 4.4.5 does not properly filter file types, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and a…
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Critical 9.8
Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a craf…
KEV Jan 21, 2022