Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20: Improper Input Validation
The product receives input or data, but it does
not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the
properties that are required to process the data safely and
correctly.
How to prevent it (8 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Consider using language-theoretic security (LangSec) techniques that characterize inputs using a formal language and build "recognizers" for that language. This effectively requires parsing to be a distinct layer that effectively enforces a boundary between raw input and internal data representations, instead of allowing parser code to be scattered throughout the program, where it could be subject to errors or inconsistencies that create weaknesses. [REF-1109] [REF-1110] [REF-1111]
-
Architecture and Design
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
-
Architecture and Design, Implementation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter the product, including but not limited to: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
-
Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
-
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
-
Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
-
Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
-
Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Source: MITRE CWE-20
2,645 results · Clear filters · Feed
-
High 8.8
MCP Server Configuration Validator Bypass via File Upload API
IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.10.0 Langflow could allow remote code execution due to incomplete validation enforcement on MCP server configuration files.
-
High 8.2
Missing gas_limit validation in mpp Tempo fee-payer enables wallet drain
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet, resulting in denial of service for legitimate clients. When the mpp Elixir library is configured as fee payer (fee_payer: …
-
High 8.3
Unbounded access list in mpp Tempo fee-payer inflates gas cost per payment
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to inflate the fee-payer's gas cost per payment by a large multiplier, degrading the sponsor's operating margin. When the mpp Elixir library is configure…
-
High 8.3
Unbounded max_fee_per_gas in mpp Tempo fee-payer enables single-request wallet drain
Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to drain the fee-payer wallet in a single request by naming an arbitrarily high gas price. When the mpp Elixir library is configured as fee payer (fee_pa…
-
High 7.8
Zoom Workplace VDI Plugin for Windows - Improper Input Validation
A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the installation and uninstallation process of certain Zoom Clients for Windows could allow an authenticated local user to escalate privileges.
-
High 7.8
Improper Privilege Management in Zoom Rooms for Windows before version 7.1.0 may allow an authenticated user to conduct…
-
High 7.5
AVideo Has Unauthenticated .env File Exposure via Official Docker Compose Configuration
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Versions prior to 29.0 expose .env files to unauthenticated users through the official Docker compose configuration. The official docker-compose.yml mounts the entire project root directory as the Apache document …
-
High 7.1
ncnn: Out-of-bounds heap write in ParamDict::load_param via unchecked negative parameter id
ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform. In commit e54f7b1f88434e1d844ea0551b880a1cfb079ce1 and earlier, ncnn allows an out-of-bounds heap write in ncnn::ParamDict::load_param() when Net::load_param() lo…
-
High 7.5
Apollo ConfigService access key authentication bypass via appId parsing and non-canonical matching
Apollo is a reliable configuration management system suitable for microservice configuration management scenarios. Prior to 2.5.2, Apollo ConfigService may allow unauthorized access to configuration data when AccessKey or management key authentication is enab…
-
High 7.5
Apollo ConfigService access key authentication bypass via raw config file appId parsing
Apollo is a reliable configuration management system suitable for microservice configuration management scenarios. Prior to 2.5.2, Apollo ConfigService may allow unauthorized access to raw configuration data when AccessKey or management key authentication is …
-
High 7.5
Cisco RoomOS Security Hardening Release - Input Validation Vulnerabilities
As part of Cisco's ongoing commitment to proactive security and product quality, the Cisco RoomOS engineering team has conducted a comprehensive internal security review. This review resulted in a software hardening release that addresses multiple internally …
-
High 7.3
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 Authentication Bypass via HTTP-stream
PraisonAI before 4.6.78 exposes the MCP HTTP-stream transport without authentication by default: the CLI --api-key option defaults to None, and the server only enforces Authorization/Bearer checks when an API key is configured. When an operator runs 'praisona…
-
High 7.3
Open WebUI - Stored Cross-Site Scripting via OAuth Picture Claim SVG Data URI
Open WebUI before 0.9.5 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the OAuth authentication flow where the picture claim URL MIME type is inferred from file extension rather than Content-Type header, allowing SVG files to bypass the profile image…
-
High 7.5
CAI Content Credentials | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitat…
-
High 7.5
CAI Content Credentials | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in an application denial-of-service. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitat…
-
High 7.1
Twig Sandbox: multiple `__toString()` policy bypasses via unguarded string coercion points
Twig is a template language for PHP. Prior to 3.26.0, several Twig language constructs trigger PHP string coercion on a Stringable operand without consulting SecurityPolicy::checkMethodAllowed(), allowing a sandboxed template author to invoke __toString() on …
-
High 7.7
ColdFusion | Improper Input Validation (CWE-20)
ColdFusion is affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized read access. Exploitation of thi…
-
High 8.3
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Linux Toolkit Theming in Google Chrome on Linux prior to 150.0.7871.125 a…
-
High 8.3
Symfony: SymfonyRuntime CVE-2024-50340 Patch Bypass: Web Requests Can Still Set APP_ENV/APP_DEBUG via parse_str/SAPI Argv Mismatch
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. From 5.4.46 until 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, the CVE-2024-50340 fix gated runtime argv parsing on empty($_GET), but parse_str() and the web SAPI can dis…
-
High 8.8
Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
-
High 7.8
Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
-
High 8.8
DHCP Server Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows DHCP Server allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.
-
High 7.5
Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) Tampering Vulnerability
Uncaught exception in Windows Server Update Service allows an unauthorized attacker to perform tampering over a network.
-
High 7.8
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
-
High 7.2
Planyo online reservation system <= 3.0 - Unauthenticated Server-Side Request Forgery via 'ulap_url' Parameter
The Planyo Online Reservation System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery leading to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.0. The ulap.php file acts as an AJAX proxy and is directly accessible without WordPr…
-
High 7.5
Apache IoTDB C++ client: Out-of-bounds reads in C++ client TsBlock deserializer crash client process on malformed server data
Out-of-bounds Read, Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache IoTDB C++ client. Out-of-bounds reads in IoTDB C++ client TsBlock deserializer crash client process on malformed server data. This issue affects Apache IoTDB C++ client: from 1.3.5 before 1…
-
High 7.5
SureForms – Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress <= 2.2.1 - Unauthenticated Stripe Payment Amount Manipulation
The SureForms – Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Improper Input Validation in all versions up to, and including, 2.2.1. This is due to the plugin accepting the payment amount directly from user-controlled POST dat…
-
High 7.1
Pimcore: Insufficient Permission Check on Class Definition Creation Endpoint Allows Privilege Escalation
Pimcore is an Open Source Data & Experience Management Platform. Prior to 2025.4.6 and 2026.1.6, the Studio API class definition creation endpoint POST /pimcore-studio/api/class/definition/configuration-view/detail/create is guarded by the objects permission …
-
High 7.5
An improper input handling vulnerability in the RTSP service of Tenda CP3 V3.0 (firmware V31.1.9.91) causes the device …
-
High 8.3
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Codecs in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 150.0.7871.115 allowed a remo…
-
High 8.8
Sandbox Escape in Ubuntu OpenJDK Packages via xdg-desktop-portal
A sandbox escape vulnerability exists in the OpenJDK packages provided in Ubuntu. The .jar MIME handlers installed by these packages execute files marked as executable when the mailcap package is installed. A compromised or malicious sandboxed application wit…
-
High 7.5
libp2p: CPU DoS via oversized IHAVE and IWANT control message arrays
libp2p is a JavaScript Implementation of libp2p networking stack. Prior to 16.0.0, @libp2p/gossipsub defaultDecodeRpcLimits set maxIhaveMessageIDs and maxIwantMessageIDs to Infinity, allowing oversized IHAVE and IWANT control message arrays in message/decodeR…
-
High 7.5
Socket.IO: Engine.IO WebTransport SID DoS
Socket.IO enables bidirectional and low-latency communication for every platform. From 6.5.0 before 6.6.7, Engine.IO servers with WebTransport enabled can resolve a crafted session ID such as __proto__ through an inherited property of the clients object durin…
-
High 7.5
vLLM: Remote DoS in vLLM via Invalid Recovered Token Reinjection
vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, a frontend-legal multi-request speculative decoding workload can cause the rejection sampler to produce a recovered token equal to the model vocabulary size…
-
High 7.3CVE-2026-46588 Public exploit
Apache Camel: CouchDB: Non-Camel-prefixed Exchange headers bypass HeaderFilterStrategy allowing operation override from untrusted input
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel. This issue affects Apache Camel: through 4.14.7, from 4.15.0 through 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 through 4.20.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.14.8, 4.18.3, 4.21.0, which fixes the issue.
-
High 7.3CVE-2026-46587 Public exploit
Apache Camel: Couchbase: Non-Camel-prefixed Exchange headers bypass HeaderFilterStrategy allowing operation override from untrusted input
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel. This issue affects Apache Camel: through 4.14.7, from 4.15.0 through 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 through 4.20.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.14.8, 4.18.3, 4.21.0, which fixes the issue.
-
High 7.3CVE-2026-49042 Public exploit
Apache Camel: langchain4j-tools: filter tool argument headers against declared parameters
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Camel. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.8.0 through 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 through 4.20.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.18.3, 4.21.0, which fixes the issue.
-
High 7.5CVE-2026-55994 Public exploit
Apache Camel Iggy: The inbound consumer maps externally-supplied Iggy message user-headers into the Exchange without a HeaderFilterStrategy, allowing injection of Camel control headers - enabling control over internal behaviour
Improper Input Validation, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Camel in Iggy component. The camel-iggy consumer mapped the user-headers of inbound Iggy messages into the Camel …
-
High 7.5CVE-2026-55993 Public exploit
Apache Camel Atmosphere Websocket: The inbound consumer maps externally-supplied WebSocket query parameters into the Exchange without a HeaderFilterStrategy, allowing injection of Camel control headers - enabling influencing internal behaviour
Improper Input Validation, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Camel in Atmosphere Websocket Component. The camel-atmosphere-websocket consumer mapped inbound WebSocket query p…
-
High 7.5CVE-2026-46726 Public exploit
Apache Camel Vertx Websocket: The inbound consumer maps externally-supplied WebSocket query and path parameters into the Exchange without a HeaderFilterStrategy, allowing injection of Camel control headers
Improper Input Validation, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Apache Camel in Vertx Websocket component. The camel-vertx-websocket consumer mapped inbound WebSocket query and path pa…