Weakness (CWE)
CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
More detail
Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
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Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
Source: MITRE CWE-294
259 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Apache OFBiz: externalLoginKey honoured pre-auth, reusable and unbound
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ExternalLoginKeysManager in Apache OFBiz 24.09 before 24.09.08 on all platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker who captures a live externalLoginKey value to obtain a complete, cookie-free, reusable session …
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Critical 9.1
GPUStack: SAML callback trusts an unverified SAMLResponse, allowing authentication bypass and account takeover
GPUStack is an open-source GPU cluster manager for AI model serving and GPU instance provisioning. From 0.7.1 until 2.2.2, the /auth/saml/callback endpoint decoded SAML XML, used its NameID and attributes to resolve or provision a user, and minted a gpustack_…
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High 7.4
WPO365 LOGIN before 45.2 SAML Replay Protection Bypass
WPO365 | LOGIN (wpo365-login) plugin before version 45.2 contains an authentication bypass by capture-replay vulnerability caused by a non-functional anti-replay check in Saml2_Service::check_message_id(), which never persists processed SAML message IDs to th…
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Critical 9.1
WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway Capture-replay Allows Unauthorized Administrative Actions
An Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway allows an attacker who has observed a legitimate request between AuthPoint Gateway components to replay it and perform unauthorized administrative actions, including disr…
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Medium 6.0
Fireware OS Missing Authentication in FireCluster State Sync Allows BOVPN Tunnel Denial of Service
A missing authentication vulnerability in Fireware OS's FireCluster state synchronization feature allows an unauthenticated attacker positioned on the cluster synchronization network segment to force premature VPN tunnel termination by sending crafted cluster…
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High 7.5
Eaton easyE4 uses a static nonce during authentication, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker with access to ca…
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Medium 6.5
WebAuthn assertion replay permits second-factor bypass in Psono Server
Psono Server CE & EE versions 3.1.0 through 7.2.3 did not consume a stored WebAuthn challenge after assertion verification. An unauthenticated remote attacker who possessed the user's password and one captured valid WebAuthn assertion could replay that assert…
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Medium 6.5
YesWiki from 4.6.2 before 4.7.0 HTTP Signature Replay via ActivityPub Inbox
YesWiki from 4.6.2 before 4.7.0 lacks replay protection in HttpSignatureService::verifySignature(), which never validates the Date header or tracks seen signatures. Attackers who capture a signed request to the /api/forms/{formId}/actor/inbox endpoint can rep…
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Medium 6.8
A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix SAML (Mendix 10 compatible) (All versions < V4.2.4), Mendix SAML (Mendix …
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High 8.8
Snipe-IT before 8.5.0 SAML Assertion Replay via Race Condition
Snipe-IT before 8.5.0 contains a SAML assertion replay vulnerability that allows attackers to reuse captured assertions by exploiting a non-atomic nonce check in the SAML acs handler. Attackers can send concurrent POST requests to /saml/acs with one captured …
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High 7.4
OpenReception: invite confirmation token is replayable within its validity window and re-issues a registration-bootstrap cookie
OpenReception's appointment booking software provides an end-to-end encrypted appointment booking platform. Prior to version 2.2.1, an attacker who captures a pending invite token can replay it to obtain a passkey-registration credential and register their ow…
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Medium 4.2
Authlib: ID token can disable its own nonce validation via the nonce_supported claim
Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. Prior to 1.9.0, OpenIDMixin.parse_id_token() reads the nonce_supported decision from the untrusted ID token being validated and sets the expected nonce to null when that claim is the J…
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Low 3.1
SAML SSO - Service Provider - Moderately critical - Insufficient replay protection - SA-CONTRIB-2026-150
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Drupal SAML SSO - Service Provider allows Remote Services with Stolen Credentials. This issue affects SAML SSO - Service Provider versions: from 0.0.0 to 3.2.0.
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High 7.4
Stackrox: stackrox: saml response replay allows multiple central authentication tokens
A flaw was found in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes (RHACS). The Central SAML authentication ACS endpoint does not retain used SAML assertion or response identifiers to prevent replay. An attacker who obtains a valid, unexpired signed SAML re…
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Medium 6.4
FileRise: TOTP codes are not single-use — valid 6-digit code can be replayed within its window (capture-replay)
FileRise is a self-hosted web-based file manager with multi-file upload, editing, and batch operations. Prior to 3.23.0, FileRise verifies that a TOTP code is valid for the accepted time window but does not record that the same account and time step already s…
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Medium 4.2
LDAP Account Manager: WebAuthn authentication challenge is kept in the PHP session
LDAP Account Manager (LAM) is a webfrontend for managing entries (e.g. users, groups, DHCP settings) stored in an LDAP directory. Prior to 9.6, installations with WebAuthn two-factor authentication leave the challenge in the same PHP session after the authent…
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High 7.5
MOVEit Transfer OIDC Authentication Replay Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay vulnerability in Progress MOVEit Transfer (OIDC module). This issue affects MOVEit Transfer: before 2025.1.6 and from 2026.0.0 before 2026.0.4.
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High 8.8
1732E ArmorBlock® - Multiple Vulnerabilities
A security issue exists within 1732E ArmorBlock® I/O, where an unauthenticated attacker can change the device's webserver password without valid credentials. This could result in admin account takeover or unauthorized modification of device configuration.
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Critical 9.1
Apache Allura: Oauth1 Replay Attack
OAuth1 Request Replay Attack vulnerability in Apache Allura. This issue affects Apache Allura: through 1.21.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.22.0 which fixes the issue.
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Medium 6.8
Authentication bypass OAuth device authorization flow in Devolutions Server 2026.3.7.0 and earlier allows a remote atta…
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Medium 6.8
Authentication bypass in the Azure AD external login flow in Devolutions Server 2026.3.7.0 and earlier allows a remote …
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High 8.1
Apache HTTP Server: mod_auth_digest one-time-nonce replay attack
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in mod_auth_digest in Apache Software Foundation Apache HTTP Server 2.4.x on all platforms allows a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacker to replay captured digest authentication credentials via crafted requests that trigge…
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Critical 9.3
MISP TOTP Code Replay Allows Duplicate Authentication Within Validity Period
MISP contains a vulnerability in its two-factor authentication (TOTP) verification process that permits a valid one-time code to be accepted more than once within its time-based validity window. The issue exists in the user login flow where a TOTP code is ver…
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High 7.7
Apache Roller: WSSE digest authentication headers can be replayed
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in Apache Roller 6.1.5 allows an attacker who captures a valid WSSE digest authentication header to replay it and gain the victim's AtomPub authority, because the authentication does not enforce nonce uniqueness or time…
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Medium 5.9
http4k before 6.48.0.0 Digest Authentication Replay Protection Bypass
http4k's Digest authentication module (org.http4k:http4k-security-digest) before versions 6.48.0.0, 5.42.0.0 and 4.51.0.0 defaults the nonceVerifier parameter of ServerFilters.DigestAuth and DigestAuthProvider to { true }, so every nonce is accepted regardles…
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High 8.1
Botslab G980H Dashcams Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
The Botslab G980H dash camera firmware accepts a reusable authentication value without adequately verifying its freshness or association with the requesting client. An unauthenticated attacker with adjacent network access who captures a valid authentication v…
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High 7.5
CVE-2026-75907
The door access control on a Norwegian Cruise Line asset grants entry based only on the credential's static 7-byte UID stored on an NTAG212 NFC chip. A UID is a manufacturer serial number sent in the clear on every read and is not intended to be secret or to …
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High 8.2
mpp Tempo subscription key authorization is not bound to the issuing challenge, allowing a captured activation credential to be replayed
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ZenHive mpp allows an attacker holding a captured subscription activation credential to charge the payer repeatedly. The payer signs a Tempo KeyAuthorization over the chain id, key type, key id, expiry, limits and sc…
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Medium 6.8
mayswind ezBookkeeping before 2.0.0 TOTP Replay Attack
mayswind ezBookkeeping before 2.0.0 fails to invalidate TOTP passcodes after use, allowing attackers to replay captured codes within the acceptance window. Attackers with stolen credentials can authenticate and reuse a captured passcode against multiple autho…
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High 8.1
http4k: `DigestAuthProvider.verify` did not bind to request URI
http4k is a functional toolkit for Kotlin HTTP applications. Prior to 4.51.0.0, 5.42.0.0, and 6.50.0.0, DigestAuthProvider.verify in http4k-security-digest does not compare the uri parameter in an Authorization: Digest response with the actual request URL. An…
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High 7.0
Omni: TOCTOU race condition allows multiple concurrent uses of a single-use SAML session token
Omni manages Kubernetes on bare metal, virtual machines, or in a cloud. Prior to 1.6.6 and from 1.7.0 until 1.7.3, SAML.getSession in internal/pkg/auth/interceptor/saml.go checks SAMLAssertion.Used and marks it used in separate state operations. Concurrent re…
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High 7.4
Keycloak-services: keycloak: replay protection bypass leads to unauthorized access via database driver semantics mismatch
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When deployed in stateless mode with MySQL or MariaDB, a mismatch in row-count semantics between the database driver and Keycloak's application logic allows an attacker to bypass replay protection. This vulnerability enables an a…
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Medium 4.7
On affected platforms running Arista EOS with VRRPv2 IP-AH authentication configured, an unauthenticated attacker within the same layer 2 network segment on which VRRP is running can capture a legitimate authenticated VRRP advertisement and replay it indef
On affected platforms running Arista EOS with VRRPv2 IP-AH authentication configured, an unauthenticated attacker within the same layer 2 network segment on which VRRP is running can capture a legitimate authenticated VRRP advertisement and replay it indefini…
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Medium 5.9
Http4s: DigestAuth allows replay of captured requests
Http4s is a Scala interface for HTTP services. Prior to 0.23.35 and 1.0.0-M47, DigestAuth replay protection records lastNc plus one instead of the highest nonce-count value it has accepted. When a legitimate client sends noncontiguous nc values because of par…
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Critical 9.8
GV-LPCLPC2011/2211 - ONVIF WS-Security PasswordDigest Replay
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 fails to enforce WS-Security UsernameToken freshness or nonce reuse protection, allowing a captured PasswordDigest token to be replayed for subsequent ONVIF operations.
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High 8.7
Maravel-Framework Token Replay Vulnerability via Premature JWT Blacklist Eviction in Tagged Caches
Maravel, a PHP framework oriented towards dependency injection, prior to version 10.74.0 has a high-severity Token Replay Vulnerability arising from a structural lifecycle mismatch between stateless token validation engines and high-performance relational cac…
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High 7.4
Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) for Node.js Spoofing Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) for Node.js allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
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High 8.8
Windows Kerberos Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
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High 7.4CVE-2026-73312 Public exploit
XenForo < 2.3.13 Refresh Token Replay via Expired Access Token
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains a refresh token replay vulnerability that allows attackers to reuse a refresh token multiple times by exploiting the failure to mark tokens as consumed when the parent access token has expired. Attackers can repeatedly submit th…
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High 7.4CVE-2026-73311 Public exploit
XenForo < 2.3.13 OAuth2 Authorization Code Reuse
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains an OAuth2 authorization code reuse vulnerability that allows attackers to obtain unauthorized token pairs by submitting a previously used authorization code. Attackers can exploit the failure to invalidate or mark authorization …