Weakness (CWE)
CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
More detail
Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
-
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
-
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
Source: MITRE CWE-294
265 results · Feed
-
Critical 9.8
GV-LPCLPC2011/2211 - ONVIF WS-Security PasswordDigest Replay
GeoVision GV-LPC2211 V1.13 fails to enforce WS-Security UsernameToken freshness or nonce reuse protection, allowing a captured PasswordDigest token to be replayed for subsequent ONVIF operations.
-
High 8.7
Maravel-Framework Token Replay Vulnerability via Premature JWT Blacklist Eviction in Tagged Caches
Maravel, a PHP framework oriented towards dependency injection, prior to version 10.74.0 has a high-severity Token Replay Vulnerability arising from a structural lifecycle mismatch between stateless token validation engines and high-performance relational cac…
-
High 7.4
Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) for Node.js Spoofing Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) for Node.js allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.
-
High 8.8
Windows Kerberos Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Windows Kerberos allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
-
High 7.4CVE-2026-73312 Public exploit
XenForo < 2.3.13 Refresh Token Replay via Expired Access Token
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains a refresh token replay vulnerability that allows attackers to reuse a refresh token multiple times by exploiting the failure to mark tokens as consumed when the parent access token has expired. Attackers can repeatedly submit th…
-
High 7.4CVE-2026-73311 Public exploit
XenForo < 2.3.13 OAuth2 Authorization Code Reuse
XenForo before 2.3.13 contains an OAuth2 authorization code reuse vulnerability that allows attackers to obtain unauthorized token pairs by submitting a previously used authorization code. Attackers can exploit the failure to invalidate or mark authorization …
-
Medium 6.1
PocketMine-MP 3.x before 3.27.0 Authentication Bypass via Login Replay
PocketMine-MP 3.x (before 3.27.0) does not implement Minecraft Bedrock protocol encryption, so the server cannot verify that a connecting client possesses the private key corresponding to its login token. An attacker who captures a valid login from another pl…
-
Critical 9.8
Authen::SASL::Perl::DIGEST_MD5 versions before 2.2100 for Perl accept replayed authentication responses via unverified nonce in server_step
Authen::SASL::Perl::DIGEST_MD5 versions before 2.2100 for Perl accept replayed authentication responses via unverified nonce in server_step. server_start generates a fresh nonce and sends it in the challenge, and nothing later compares that value against the …
-
High 7.4
Rancher: SAML Assertion Replay
A flaw was found in Rancher Manager. The SAML assertion replay protection introduced by the fix for CVE-2026-44946 recorded consumed assertion IDs in a per-process cache, so each replica only detected replays that reached the same pod. In a high-availability …
-
Medium 4.7
Open edX LTI OAuth Replay Attack
Open edX Platform enables the authoring and delivery of online learning at any scale. Prior to commit 3a5ac85, a security vulnerability has been identified in the Open edX LMS platform's LTI (Learning Tools Interoperability) Provider implementation. The valid…
-
Medium 6.8
SAML assertion replay via skipped InResponseTo validation
When SAML IdP-initiated login is enabled in Grafana Enterprise, the SAML library skips validation of the InResponseTo field on all SAML responses, including SP-initiated logins. This removes anti-replay protection, allowing an attacker who obtains a valid sig…
-
Medium 6.5
Filament: Multi-factor authentication (app) codes can still be used after a newer code has been used
Filament is a collection of full-stack components for accelerated Laravel development. From 4.0.0 until 4.12.6 and 5.7.6, packages/panels/src/Auth/MultiFactor/App/AppAuthentication.php uses AppAuthentication::verifyCode() with a used-code cache key derived fr…
-
Medium 5.4
Rodauth before 2.47.0 TOTP Code Reuse via Drift Window
Rodauth before 2.47.0 contains a time-based one-time password reuse vulnerability in the otp feature that fails to track the last accepted code timestamp. Attackers who observe a valid TOTP code can replay it during the drift window to bypass the second authe…
-
Medium 6.5
Zephyr WireGuard mutates peer state before anti-replay check, enabling capture-replay endpoint hijack
Zephyr's WireGuard VPN data-plane receive handler wg_process_data_message() in subsys/net/lib/wireguard/wg_crypto.c validated the anti-replay counter too late. After AEAD decryption of a MESSAGE_TRANSPORT_DATA packet succeeded, the code committed several peer…
-
Medium 5.3
WordPress Forminator plugin <= 1.57.1 - Other vulnerability Type vulnerability
Unauthenticated Other Vulnerability Type in Forminator <= 1.57.1 versions.
-
High 7.5
Nimiq: Validity store off by one error
Nimiq is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Through 1.5.0, the validity store uses a strict lower-bound comparison that expires a stored transaction too early relative to Transaction::is_vali…
-
High 7.5
An issue in Vanderbilt Industries, Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board v.3.14.1 allows a physically proximate attacker…
-
High 7.5
An issue in Vanderbilt Industries, Acre Security SPC5300.000 Main Board v.3.14.1 allows a physically proximate attacker…
-
High 7.4
Spring Security DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory vulnerable to DPoP Proof Replay
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Spring Spring Security allows Spring Security's DPoPProofJwtDecoderFactory contains a cache-based replay attack vulnerability. The internal cache storing JWT ID claims has a strict size limit, allowing …
-
Critical 9.8
Apache Tomcat: Limited replay attack possible with DIGEST authentication
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's DIGEST authenticator. If, before windowSize requests have been made, a client makes a DIGEST authenticated request with a nonceCount on the upper boundary of the replay window then that …
-
Critical 9.1
Missing one-time-use enforcement in Samly allows replay of SAML bearer assertions
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in dropbox samly allows an attacker to authenticate as the subject of a captured SAML assertion by resubmitting it. Samly.Helper.decode_idp_auth_resp/3 in lib/samly/helper.ex calls esaml_sp:validate_assert…
-
Medium 6.8
Etherpad: Device-to-device author-token transfer endpoint is replayable, never expires, and exposes the cleartext author token
Etherpad is a real-time collaborative editor. From 2.6.0 until 3.1.0, Etherpad's src/node/hooks/express/tokenTransfer.ts uses POST /tokenTransfer to store an author token for transfer between browsers and exposes it through GET /tokenTransfer/{uuid}. Although…
-
High 8.7
On-chain transfer proof is not single-use in mpp EVM payment method, enabling cross-challenge replay
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated remote client to obtain paid resources by resubmitting one settled on-chain transfer. MPP.Methods.EVM.verify/2 accepts a transaction-hash credential and matches a transfer purely…
-
High 8.2
Static memo configuration in mpp Tempo disables per-challenge attribution binding, enabling third-party replay
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay in ZenHive mpp allows an unauthenticated third party to obtain paid resources by replaying a transfer settled by an unrelated payer. MPP.Methods.Tempo normally binds a settled TIP-20 TransferWithMemo to the specific cha…
-
High 7.4
phpMyFAQ before 4.1.7 WebAuthn Replay Attack via Challenge
phpMyFAQ before 4.1.7 fails to persist the WebAuthn login challenge generated by prepareForLogin, because neither WebAuthn controller saves the mutated key objects back to the database. At login the anti-replay comparison is skipped by its own null guard, all…
-
High 7.7
BetterDesk has a replay behavior vulnerability when devices are deleted
BetterDesk is a remote desktop management solution. BetterDesk versions through 2.3.0 improperly invalidate deleted device identities, allowing an unauthenticated client to replay or spoof a device ID and bypass registration controls. Version 3.0.0-alpha cont…
-
High 8.1
Laravel Socialite Facebook Provider Authentication Bypass via Nonce Replay
Laravel Socialite's Facebook provider contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to replay captured OIDC id_tokens by exploiting the missing nonce claim validation in the getUserByOIDCToken() function within Facebook…
-
High 8.1
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Digital Certificate Manager
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to perform unauthorized operations and access sensitive information due to improper session management.
-
Medium 6.8
IBM i is Affected By Multiple Vulnerabilities in Navigator for i
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to improper validation of a session token.
-
High 8.8
Reusable Account Activation and Recovery Tokens Allow Repeated Account Takeover in vulnerability-lookup
Vulnerability-Lookup contains an authentication weakness in its account activation and password-recovery mechanism. Activation and recovery links were generated using stateless signed tokens containing only the user's login. Although the token signature and a…
-
High 8.0CVE-2026-62911 Public exploit
Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Authentication bypass by capture-replay in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
-
Medium 6.5
Craft CMS before 5.10.5 WebAuthn Assertion Replay via login-with-passkey
Craft CMS before 5.10.5 fails to persist updated credential counters after WebAuthn assertion validation in the passkey login endpoint. Attackers can replay captured login request bodies containing requestOptions and response to create additional authenticate…
-
Critical 9.8
Apache CXF: DefaultEncryptingCodeDataProvider allows unlimited authorization code replay
In Apache CXF's DefaultEncryptingCodeDataProvider, a captured authorization code can be redeemed an unlimited number of times due to a flaw in the implementation of the removeCodeGrant functionality. This violates the RFC requirement that "The authorization c…
-
Medium 6.4
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: saml onetimeuse assertion replay in idp-initiated broker flow
A flaw was found in the SAML broker component of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. When configured as a SAML broker using the IdP-Initiated flow, Keycloak fails to enforce the OneTimeUse condition in SAML assertions. This allows an attacke…
-
Critical 9.1
Boruta accepts expired JWT client assertions due to missing exp claim validation
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in malach-it Boruta allows an attacker who has obtained a previously valid JWT client assertion to authenticate as the issuing OAuth client after the assertion has expired. Boruta accepts JWT-based client …
-
High 7.5
IdP-initiated SAML sessions not reliably invalidated (replay)
Logto silently fails to delete IdP-initiated SAML sessions, enabling session replay and reuse within the session’s validity window.
-
Medium 6.9
ClearanceKit's signed policy tables lack monotonic counter, allowing replay of older legitimately-signed snapshots
ClearanceKit intercepts file-system access events on macOS and enforces per-process access policies. Prior to version 5.0.10, each table in the on-disk SQLite policy store (`/Library/Application Support/clearancekit/store.db`) is verified using an ECDSA signa…
-
Medium 5.3
Sipeed PicoClaw LINE Webhook line.go webhook.ParseRequest authentication replay
A security flaw has been discovered in Sipeed PicoClaw up to 0.2.9. This affects the function webhook.ParseRequest of the file pkg/channels/line/line.go of the component LINE Webhook. The manipulation results in authentication bypass by capture-replay. The at…
-
Medium 5.5
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by an Account Takeover via Response Manipulation vulnerability.
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by an Account Takeover via Response Manipulation vulnerability. A remote attacker can intercept and alter the contents of the server's HTTP responses before they reach the client application, allowing them to manipulate the authen…
-
Low 2.6
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by a Login Replay Attack vulnerability
HCL DFXAnalytics is affected by a Login Replay Attack vulnerability. The application allows a remote attacker to intercept, delay, or fraudulently retransmit valid authentication data to achieve unauthorized access. To mitigate this risk, the application must…