Weakness (CWE)
CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
More detail
Capture-replay attacks are common and can be difficult to defeat without cryptography. They are a subset of network injection attacks that rely on observing previously-sent valid commands, then changing them slightly if necessary and resending the same commands to the server.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
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Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
Source: MITRE CWE-294
265 results · Feed
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High 8.2
HCL DFXServer is affected by an Authentication Bypass vulnerability via server response manipulation.
HCL DFXServer is affected by an Authentication Bypass vulnerability via server response manipulation. An unauthorized user without valid credentials can exploit this flaw by intercepting and altering the server's authentication responses, allowing them to gai…
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High 8.1
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Refresh Token Rotation Race Condition Allows Concurrent Replay and Token Family Forking
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.4.8-beta.7 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint on the refresh_token grant performs a non-atomic read, validate, revoke, and mint sequence o…
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High 7.6
Better Auth OAuth Provider: Race Condition in Authorization Code Exchange Enables Multi-Use Code Redemption
Better Auth is an authentication and authorization library for TypeScript. From 1.6.0 until 1.6.11, the @better-auth/oauth-provider POST /oauth2/token endpoint for the authorization_code grant redeems a single-use authorization code through a non-atomic find-…
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High 7.4
Misskey: TOTP tokens can be reused
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. Prior to 2026.6.0, Misskey contains a vulnerability in Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) authentication in UserAuthService where insufficient validation of used tokens allows the reuse of a single-…
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Medium 6.4
Logto: TOTP code can be replayed within the RFC 6238 validity window (one-time use violation)
Logto is the modern, open-source auth infrastructure for SaaS and AI apps. Prior to 1.41.0, Logto's existing TOTP verification accepted a successfully used TOTP code again while the code remained inside the RFC 6238 acceptance window because the verifier used…
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Critical 9.8
Apache IoTDB: REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials
Insufficient Session Expiration, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 2.0.10. Users are recommended to upgrade to v…
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Critical 9.1
MERCURY MIPC252W IP camera v1.0.5 Build 230306 Rel.79931n does not implement nonce expiration in RTSP Digest authentica…
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High 7.4
CoreWCF: XML Signature Wrapping in WS-Security endorsing/supporting signature verification allows replay of captured signed messages
CoreWCF is a port of the service side of Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to .NET Core. Prior to 1.8.1 and 1.9.1, CoreWCF WS-Security endorsing and supporting signature verification does not ensure the selected ds:Signature covers the expected Security …
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Medium 5.9
CoreWCF: SAML token replay protection is inoperative
CoreWCF is a port of the service side of Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) to .NET Core. Prior to 1.8.1 and 1.9.1, CoreWCF SAML token replay protection is inoperative because DefaultTokenReplayCache.TryAdd does not reject duplicate tokens when DetectRepl…
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Critical 9.1
Gitea OAuth2 authorization codes lack expiry and reuse enforcement
Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange.
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High 7.1
Gitea TOTP single-use enforcement defect allows OTP replay
Gitea versions from 1.5.0 before 1.26.3 have a TOTP single-use enforcement defect that allows a valid TOTP code to be accepted more than once across web two-factor authentication flows and the Basic Auth X-Gitea-OTP path.
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Critical 9.1
env-set cross-proxy Digest auth state leak
When reusing a libcurl handle for sequential transfers driven by environment-variable proxy configuration, libcurl fails to clear the proxy authentication state between requests. Specifically, if the initial transfer authenticates against `proxyA` using Diges…
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Critical 9.8
cross-origin Digest auth state leak
Successfully using libcurl to do a transfer to a specific HTTP origin (`hostA`) with **Digest** authentication and then changing the origin to a different one (`hostB`) for a second transfer, reusing the same handle, makes libcurl wrongly pass on the `Authori…
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Critical 9.5
SAML Authentication Replay in Rancher
A SAML authentication replay vulnerability in Rancher's Assertion Consumer Service (ACS) handler did not enforce one-time use of SAML assertion, potentially allowing person in the middle attacks against Rancher, affecting Rancher 2.14.0 before 2.14.3,
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Low —
nebula-mesh: Signed-poll nonce LRU is in-memory and bounded; replay survives restart + eviction
`internal/api/pop/nonce.go:25,40,86` + `internal/api/server.go:38` — the signed-poll nonce cache is an in-process LRU sized at 65,536 entries. `internal/api/updates.go:31` sets `pollClockSkew = 5 * time.Minute` as the replay window. ## Affected All released v…
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Medium 6.5
Alps Electric Co., Ltd. R53R0 Remote Keyless Entry System (RKES) Replay Attack
Remote Keyless Entry System (RKES), using the 433 MHz key fob bearing FCC ID CWTR53R0 manufactured by ALPS ALPINE CO., LTD., is vulnerable to a roll-back attack against its rolling-code authentication. An attacker within RF range who records two consecutive …
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Low 2.0
Apache Shiro: Remember-me cookie isn't checked for expiry on the server
"Remember me" cookie age is not verified on the server. This potentially allows an attacker to intercept a valid cookie and reuse it indefinitely, even after the configured expiration time has passed. This issue affects all Apache Shiro versions from 1.2.4 th…
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High 7.4
Rocket.Chat: Apple Sign-In skips JWT claims validation, allowing expired and cross-audience token replay
Rocket.Chat is an open-source, secure, fully customizable communications platform. Prior to 8.5.1, 8.4.4, 8.3.6, 8.2.6, 8.1.6, 8.0.7, and 7.10.13, Rocket.Chat's Apple Sign-In handler verifies JWT signatures but skips claims validation. Any Apple-signed JWT wi…
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Medium 5.3
Multiple vulnerabilities affect IBM Db2® on Cloud Pak for Data, and Db2 Warehouse on Cloud Pak for Data.
IBM Db2 on Cloud Pak for Data and Db2 Warehouse on Cloud Pak for Data versions 4.8, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 could allow an authenticated user to bypass client-side validation and manipulate input data using man in the middle techniques.
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Medium 6.3
Apache APISIX: Session replay issue in hmac-auth
Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache APISIX. Attacker can benefit from certain configurations in hmac-auth to re-use a token forever, bypassing expiry. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.11.0 through 3.16.0. Users are recommen…
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High 8.6
Lack of cryptographic protection in Wertheim SafeController 5400 enables RS-485 message sniffing and replay
The Wertheim SafeController 5400, Controller 5400 - AssemblyVersion 6.11.8130.22320, uses RS-485 communication between the server and the microcontroller without cryptographic protection. An attacker with access to the communication path between the server an…
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Low 3.7
WSS4J validation does not use configured replay cache
Wss4jSecurityInterceptor did not consistently wire Apache WSS4J ReplayCache instances into RequestData for validation-time checks. As a result, protections against replay of UsernameToken nonces and creation timestamps, Timestamp elements, and certain SAML on…
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Medium 4.3
Indian Scout Bobber 2025 Infotainment-to-WCM weak authentication allows recovery of user PIN from observed exchange
Weak authentication in the Wireless Control Module (WCM) of the Indian Motorcycle Scout Bobber + Tech 2025 model year allows an adjacent-network attacker with read access to the in-vehicle network to recover the user-set unlock PIN by passively observing a si…
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High 8.1
CVE-2026-9095
Casdoor versions 2.362.0 and earlier map SAML assertions to user sessions without replay protection. The ParseSamlResponse() function in object/saml_sp.go calls sp.RetrieveAssertionInfo() and immediately maps the result to a user session. There is no assertio…
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Medium 5.9
Microsoft UFO accepts cross-device TASK_END messages by session_id only, allowing peer task-result injection
Microsoft UFO open-source framework for intelligent automation across devices and platforms. In 3.0.1-4-ge2626659, Microsoft UFO's constellation client tracks pending task responses by session_id only and does not verify that a TASK_END message came from the …
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Low 3.1
Besen BS20 EV Charging Station BLE/WiFi authentication replay
A security vulnerability has been detected in Besen BS20 EV Charging Station up to 20260426. This affects an unknown part of the component BLE/WiFi. Such manipulation leads to authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must be carried out from within…
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Medium 6.8
Keycloak: org.keycloak.authentication: keycloak: unauthorized account takeover via webauthn token replay
A flaw was found in Keycloak. This authentication vulnerability allows a remote attacker to replay `ExecuteActionsActionToken` tokens within Keycloak's WebAuthn (Web Authentication) flow. By intercepting an execute-actions email link, an attacker can register…
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Low 2.8
arnika is affected by medium-severity issues in UDP rotation, PQC handling, and KMS TLS
### Summary Three medium-severity issues in arnika affecting the UDP key-rotation protocol, PQC key file handling, and KMS TLS client. All require specific preconditions to exploit and do not allow direct code execution or immediate key extraction. A self-con…
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High 8.1
azureauthextension Authenticate method does not validate bearer tokens, allowing auth bypass via replay
azureauthextension is the Azure Authenticator Extension. From 0.124.0 to 0.150.0, a server-side authentication bypass in azureauthextension allows any party who holds a single valid Azure access token for any scope the collector's configured identity can mint…
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Medium 5.3
cross-proxy Digest auth state leak
Successfully using libcurl to do a transfer over a specific HTTP proxy (`proxyA`) with **Digest** authentication and then changing the proxy host to a second one (`proxyB`) for a second transfer, reusing the same handle, makes libcurl wrongly pass on the `Pro…
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Critical 9.8
OpenClaw < 2026.4.15 - Authentication Bypass in Feishu Webhook and Card-Action Validation
OpenClaw before 2026.4.15 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in Feishu webhook and card-action validation that allows unauthenticated requests to reach command dispatch. Missing encryptKey configuration and blank callback tokens fail open instead…
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Medium 6.3
Keylime: keylime: security bypass due to hardcoded tpm quote nonce
A flaw was found in Keylime. An attacker with root access on an enrolled monitored machine, where the Keylime agent runs, can exploit a vulnerability in the Keylime verifier. The verifier uses a hardcoded challenge nonce for Trusted Platform Module (TPM) quot…
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Medium 4.2
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Webhook Replay Cache Cross-Target messageId Scope Bypass
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a scope bypass vulnerability in webhook replay cache deduplication that allows authenticated attackers to replay messages across sibling targets using the same messageId. Attackers can exploit overly broad cache keying to by…
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High 7.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.28 - Webhook Replay via Query Parameter Reordering in Plivo V3
OpenClaw before 2026.3.28 contains a webhook replay vulnerability in Plivo V3 signature verification that canonicalizes query ordering for signatures but hashes raw URLs for replay detection. Attackers can reorder query parameters to bypass replay cache detec…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Webhook Replay Detection Bypass via Base64 Signature Re-encoding
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a replay detection bypass vulnerability in webhook signature handling that treats Base64 and Base64URL encoded signatures as distinct requests. Attackers can re-encode Telnyx webhook signatures to bypass replay detection whi…
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Medium 5.3
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Callback Origin Mutation in Plivo Voice-call Replay
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a callback origin mutation vulnerability in Plivo voice-call replay that allows attackers to mutate in-process callback origin before replay rejection. Attackers with captured valid callbacks for live calls can exploit this …
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Medium 6.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.23 - Replay Identity Drift via Query-Only Variants in Plivo V2 Verification
OpenClaw before 2026.3.23 contains a replay identity vulnerability in Plivo V2 signature verification that allows attackers to bypass replay protection by modifying query parameters. The verification path derives replay keys from the full URL including query …
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High 7.5
OpenAirInterface v2.2.0 accepts Security Mode Complete without any integrity protection. Configuration has supported in…
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High 7.5
mppx: Tempo has a session close voucher bypass vulnerability due to settled amount equality
mppx is a TypeScript interface for machine payments protocol. Prior to version 0.4.11, the tempo/session cooperative close handler validated the close voucher amount using "<" instead of "<=" against the on-chain settled amount. An attacker could submit a clo…
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Critical —
mpp has multiple payment bypass and griefing vulnerabilities
### Impact Multiple vulnerabilities were discovered which allowed for undesirable behaviors, including: - Performing free `tempo/charge` requests - Replaying existing `tempo/charge` requests - Performing free `tempo/session` requests - Piggybacking off existi…