Weakness (CWE)
CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict
Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.
Source: MITRE CWE-436
196 results · Feed
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Low 3.0
IBM i is Affected By security restrictions bypass in Navigator for i
IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to an interpretation conflict in the multipart parser.
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High 7.5
Apache Airflow: Authorization bypass in the Backfill API through conflicting interpretations of the backfill id
Apache Airflow's Backfill API authorized a request against a Dag id supplied by the caller whenever the `backfill_id` path segment failed to parse. The authorization dependency parsed it with `int()` while the route handler parsed it as pydantic's `NonNegativ…
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High 7.5
@fastify/static vulnerable to route guard bypass via non-canonical path segments
@fastify/static before version 10.1.3 contains an incomplete fix for a previous route guard bypass. The static file handler rejected only parent directory segments, but it did not canonicalize dot segments, duplicate slashes, encoded dots, or backslashes befo…
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High 7.2
Guzzle: Noncanonical host can bypass host-based checks
Guzzle is an extensible PHP HTTP client. Prior to 7.15.2 and 8.0.1, Guzzle gives a transport the request URI as text and supplies the Host header separately. The cURL handlers set CURLOPT_URL to the URI exactly as written and push that Host into CURLOPT_HTTPH…
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High 7.5
fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via backslash authority introducer
fast-uri before 4.1.2, 3.1.5, and 2.4.4 requires a literal double forward slash to recognize a URI authority, so a reference that uses a backslash based introducer in place of it (backslash backslash, forward slash backslash, or backslash forward slash) is pa…
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Medium 5.9
undici vulnerable to cross-user information disclosure via whitespace around equals in Cache-Control directives
undici's cache interceptor mishandles optional whitespace placed around the equals sign of a qualified no-cache or private Cache-Control directive. In undici from 7.0.0 up to before 7.29.0 and from 8.0.0 up to before 8.9.0, the parser either drops the directi…
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High 8.6
V 0.5.2 SSRF Bypass via Parser Differential in net.urllib and net.http
V through 0.5.2, fixed in commit 85859f0, contains a server-side request forgery (SSRF) bypass vulnerability that allows attackers to circumvent host-based allowlists by exploiting a parser differential between net.urllib and net.http. Attackers can craft a U…
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High 8.5
Openshift/oauth-proxy: openshift/oauth-proxy: underscore header smuggling enables identity impersonation on wsgi/php upstreams
A flaw was found in openshift/oauth-proxy. The proxy sets authenticated identity headers using only dash-variant keys (X-Forwarded-User) but does not strip underscore-variant keys (X_Forwarded_User) from incoming requests. WSGI and PHP frameworks normalize bo…
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High 7.5
fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via literal backslash authority delimiter
Impact: fast-uri versions from 2.3.1 through 4.1.0 (including the 3.x line up to 3.1.3 and the 2.x line up to 2.4.2) do not treat a literal backslash character (U+005C) as an authority delimiter. Node's native WHATWG URL parser, used by fetch, undici, and Nod…
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High 7.7
Parameter smuggling in @hapi/content header parser allows upload-filter bypass via duplicate parameters
@hapi/content provided HTTP Content-* headers parsing. Prior to 6.0.2, Content.disposition() retained the last occurrence of each duplicate parameter while Content.type() retained the first occurrence of duplicate charset and boundary parameters, creating a p…
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Critical 9.8
WordPress < 7.0.2 - REST API batch-route confusion and SQL injection issue leading to Remote Code Execution
WordPress 6.9.x before 6.9.5 and 7.0.x before 7.0.2 is affected by a REST API batch endpoint route confusion issue which, combined with the author__not_in WP_Query SQL Injection (CVE-2026-60137), could allow an attacker to perform SQL Injection and achieve Re…
KEV Jul 21, 2026 -
High 8.3
Symfony: SymfonyRuntime CVE-2024-50340 Patch Bypass: Web Requests Can Still Set APP_ENV/APP_DEBUG via parse_str/SAPI Argv Mismatch
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. From 5.4.46 until 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, the CVE-2024-50340 fix gated runtime argv parsing on empty($_GET), but parse_str() and the web SAPI can dis…
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Low 2.3
Symfony: HtmlSanitizer allowLinkHosts() / allowMediaHosts() Bypass via URL-Parser Differentials and <area> Misclassification
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. From 6.1.0-BETA1 until 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, HtmlSanitizer URL sanitization can allow off-allowlist URLs through allowLinkHosts() or allowMediaHosts() beca…
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Medium 6.4
Capgo - Cross-Tenant Preview Namespace Collision via Non-Bijective Underscore Decoding
Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a cross-tenant preview namespace collision vulnerability caused by non-bijective decoding of double underscores to dots in preview hostname parsing. Attackers can register app IDs with underscores that collide with other tenants…
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High 7.5
Elysia: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity and Interpretation Conflict
Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation, and client-server communication. Prior to 1.4.29, Elysia uses getAll in form data normalization for multipart/form-data endpoints, causing the amount of work to gr…
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Medium 4.2
guzzlehttp/psr7: Host Confusion via Weak URI Host Validation
guzzlehttp/psr7 is a PSR-7 HTTP message library implementation in PHP. Prior to 2.12.3, Uri::assertValidHost() does not reject URI host components containing authority delimiters, embedded ports, or malformed IPv6 brackets, allowing Uri::getHost() to disagree…
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Medium —
netfoil has a domain name filter bypass via multiple questions
### Summary Potential bypass of domain name filter by crafting a DNS request with multiple questions, with the first question being legitimate. ### Impact Depends on a local attackers ability to craft multiple questions and the remote DoH server supporting th…
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Critical 9.1
@fastify/middie vulnerable to authorization bypass via encoded slash in path parameter values
@fastify/middie versions 9.1.0 through 9.3.2 decode the encoded slash %2F inside path parameter values before matching middleware paths, while Fastify's underlying router preserves the encoding during route lookup. The two layers disagree on the canonical req…
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High 7.5
fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via failed IDN canonicalization
fast-uri versions 2.3.1 through 3.1.2 and 4.0.0 fail to canonicalize Unicode (IDN) hostnames for HTTP-family URLs. The IDN conversion path calls a helper that does not exist on the global URL constructor, silently leaving the host in its original Unicode form…
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Low 3.7
Python-Multipart: Content-Disposition parameter smuggling via RFC 2231/5987 extended parameters
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, parse_options_header parsed Content-Disposition (and Content-Type) headers with email.message.Message, which transparently applies RFC 2231/5987 decoding. The extended parameter syn…
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Low 3.7
Python-Multipart: Semicolon treated as querystring field separator enables parameter smuggling
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, QuerystringParser treated ; as a field separator in application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies, in addition to &. The WHATWG URL standard, modern browsers, and Python's urllib.parse (…
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Medium 6.9
node-tar applies PAX size override to intermediary GNU long-name/long-link headers, causing tar parser interpretation differential (file smuggling)
node-tar is a full-featured Tar for Node.js. Prior to 7.5.16, tar (node-tar) applies a PAX extended header's size= record (and other PAX overrides) to the next header entry of any type, including intermediary metadata headers such as a GNU long-name (L) or lo…
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Medium 4.8
Vllm: vllm: image exif rotation & png trns transparency not normalized, causing mismatch between model input and expectations
A flaw was found in vLLM, an open-source library for large language model inference. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of image metadata, specifically EXIF orientation and PNG transparency (tRNS) data, during image processing. When images are c…
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High 8.2
Remark42: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) on /api/v1/img via content-type spoofing
Remark42 is a self-hosted comment engine for blogs, articles, or any other place where readers can add comments. Versions 1.6.0 through 1.15.0 contain a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exploitable through content-type spoofing. The Remark42 image pro…
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High 7.0
Fedify has an LD-Signature Bypass via JSON-LD Named-Graph Restructuring
Fedify is a TypeScript library for building federated server apps powered by ActivityPub. Prior to versions 1.9.11, 1.10.10, 2.0.18, 2.1.14, and 2.2.3, an attacker can make use of JSON-LD features to restructure a JSON-LD document that would change how Fedify…
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Low 2.1
TYPO3 HTML Sanitizer allows Cross-Site Scripting
When ALLOW_INSECURE_RAW_TEXT is enabled, whitespace-variant closing tags (e.g., </style\t>) are not recognized by the sanitizer but accepted by browsers as valid end tags, allowing subsequent content to escape sanitization. This allows bypassing the cross-sit…
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Medium 5.4
LIBPNG: Chunk smuggling in push-mode APNG parser via unconsumed chunk body
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that process PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. In version 1.8.0, three inter-frame chunk discard paths in the push-mode APNG parser clear the chunk-header flag without consuming the chunk…
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Medium 6.9
SSRF allowlist bypass via percent-encoded host in hackney
Interpretation Conflict vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Server Side Request Forgery. hackney_url:normalize/2 URL-decodes the host component after the URL has been parsed into a #hackney_url{} record. OTP's uri_string:parse/1 and inet:parse_address/1 d…
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High 8.7
authentik: SAML NameID XML Comment Injection Enables Authentication Bypass via Identifier Truncation
authentik is an open-source identity provider. Versions 2025.12.4 and prior, and versions 2026.2.0-rc1 through 2026.2.2 were vulnerable to Authentication Bypass through SAML NameID XML Comment Injection. Due to how authentik extracted the NameID value from a …
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High 7.5
Flight: HTTP method override enabled by default enables CSRF escalation and middleware bypass in flightphp/core
Flight is an extensible micro-framework for PHP. Prior to 3.18.1, Request::getMethod() unconditionally honors the X-HTTP-Method-Override header and the $_REQUEST['_method'] parameter on any HTTP verb (including safe verbs such as GET), with no opt-in and no w…
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Medium 5.4
Next.js: Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses
Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 14.2.0 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, applications using React Server Components can be vulnerable to cache poisoning when shared caches do not correctly partition response variants. U…
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Medium 5.3
linux-entra-sso: PRT SSO cookie can leak to attacker-controlled hosts when broad host permissions are granted
linux-entra-sso is a browser plugin for Linux to SSO on Microsoft Entra ID. Prior to 1.8.1, platform/chrome/js/platform-chrome.js:69-88 registers a single declarativeNetRequest rule whose urlFilter is Platform.SSO_URL + "/*", i.e. "https://login.microsoftonli…
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High 7.8
Heimdall: Authorization bypass via path normalization mismatch
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall performs rule matching on the raw (non-normalized) request path, while downstream components may normalize dot-segments according to RFC 39…
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High 7.8
Heimdall: Case-sensitive host matching may lead to policy bypass
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall performs host matching in a case-sensitive manner, while HTTP hostnames are case-insensitive. This discrepancy can result in heimdall faili…
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High 7.8
Heimdall: Case-sensitive handling of URL-encoded slashes may lead to inconsistent path interpretation
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall handles URL-encoded slashes (%2F) in a case-sensitive manner, while percent-encoding is defined to be case-insensitive. As a result, the lo…
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High 7.9
Server-side request forgery vulnerability in GitHub Enterprise Server notebook viewer via URL parser confusion
A server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was identified in the GitHub Enterprise Server notebook viewer that allowed an attacker to access internal services by exploiting URL parser confusion between the validation layer and the HTTP request library…
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Medium 6.5
github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 cache middleware can mix responses across query parameters
Fiber is a web framework for Go. In github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3 versions through 3.1.0, the default key generator in the cache middleware uses only the request path and does not include the query string. As a result, requests for the same path with different …
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High 7.5
fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via percent-encoded authority delimiters
fast-uri normalize() decoded percent-encoded authority delimiters inside the host component and then re-emitted them as raw delimiters during serialization. A host that combined an allowed domain, an encoded at-sign, and a different domain was re-emitted with…
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Medium 6.5
OpenClaw < 2026.3.31 - Configuration Rehydration via Empty-Array Revocation Handling
OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a configuration management vulnerability where startup migration treats empty-array settings as missing values. Attackers can restart the application to rehydrate revoked Tlon configuration from file state, bypassing intende…
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Critical 9.1
Official Clerk JavaScript SDKs: Middleware-based route protection bypass
Clerk JavaScript is the official JavaScript repository for Clerk authentication. createRouteMatcher in @clerk/nextjs, @clerk/nuxt, and @clerk/astro can be bypassed by certain crafted requests, allowing them to skip middleware gating and reach downstream handl…